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1、Chapter 4,Translation Skills 常用翻译技巧,Unit One,Amplification 增词法,Amplification,supplying necessary words in our translation work so as to make the version correct and clear. Words thus supplied must be indispensable either syntactically or semantically.,句子翻译,1. It should, however, be borne in mind tha
2、t this process itself might involve a chain of difficulties, in this case of a political nature. 但是应该记住，这个过程本身也许会带来一系列的困难，在此情况下，这些困难是政治性的。（短语句子）,2. Venice invites idleness and strolling. Its silence is restful and its sundials are inscribed with the words: Horas non mumero nisi serenas (I count only
3、 the happy hours). 威尼斯是人们休闲解闷、闲庭信步的好去处，她宁静从容，闲适悠然，连城中的日晷上都刻着这样的铭文：“只计幸福时光”。,3.It catered to large appetites and modest purses. 它迎合胃口大而钱囊羞涩的吃客。,4.Humans, as we have stressed, tend to solve their problems through cooperative efforts, and in general thrive best when they are interacting with others. 正如
4、我们所强调的那样,人类倾向于通过合作来解决问题;而且一般说来,人类群策群力之时,就是鼎盛繁荣之日.,5. 钱先生周岁“抓周”，抓了一本书，因此得名 “钟书” 。 When Mr. Qian was only one-year old, he was told by his parents to choose one thing among many others, he picked up a book of all things. Thereupon he was given by his parents the name: zhong shu (book-lover).,6. 由于这个年龄
5、阶段的孩子大多是在“421家庭”中长大的，自理能力较差。 Since most of the students at this age have grown up in families containing four elderly people and two parents as well as themselves, they are incapable of taking care of themselves in daily life.,Unit Two,Omission 省略法,省略译法是指对原文中一些不合译文习惯或在译文中显多余的词汇或表达照直译出的的话，会使译文显得累赘生硬甚
6、至意义不明。在这种情况下，就需要使用“省译”的手法，将原文中这些词汇和表达省去不译，以保译文的准确通顺。相对而言，由于汉英两种语言的差异，“省译”法似乎在汉译英中使用得多一些。,例句翻译,1. Galileos greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. 伽利略的最光辉
7、的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转，而不是围绕地球。,2. The crowd was pushing hard. Those in the middle were squeezed against each other so tightly that they could not move in any direction. 人群越挤越厉害，夹在中间的人被挤得动弹不得。,3. If you confer a benefit, never remember it; if you receive one, remember it always. 施恩
8、勿记，受恩勿忘。 （省略表条件的连词）,4. 她（黄河）奔腾不息，勇往直前，忽而惊涛裂岸，势不可挡，使群山动容；忽而安如处子，风平浪静，波光潋滟，气象万千。 It tears and boils along turbulently through the mountains and, at some place, flows on quietly with a sedate appearance and glistening ripples. (修辞性省译),Unit Three,Conversion 转译法,Conversion, one of the commonly adopted tr
9、anslation techniques, means the change of parts of speech in translation. Owing to the syntactical differences between English and Chinese, it is usually impossible for a translator to keep to the original part of speech in the process of translation. So a word in one language belonging to a certain
10、 part of speech is not necessarily to be turned into one of the same part of speech in another language.,由于英汉两种语言属于不同的语系，它们的表达方式不同，翻译时，决不能“对号入座”。应根据上下文，在译文中转换原文某些词的词类，使译文通顺自然。,英语形容词转译成汉语动词,英语中作表语和定语的部分形容词用来表示物质属性或知觉、情感、欲望、信念等心理状态时，可以和汉语中表示同类概念的动词相互转换。这类形容词有：,able, afraid, angry, ashamed, aware, anxi
11、ous, careful, cautious, certain, concerned, confident, doubtful, glad, grateful, ignorant, sorry, thankful等,例句翻译,1. The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly impo
12、rtant social science. 强调收集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角，使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。,2. Beggars cant be choosers. 叫花子不可挑三拣四。（n-v）,3. After two years with a bad woman a good man becomes a bad man. 两年交坏女，好男也变坏。 (prep.-v.),4. With the unemployment high, the dollar low and the stock market in distress, the e
13、conomy will be the presidents sternest trial. 由于失业率增高，美元贬值，股市下跌，经济问题将是总统面临的最严峻考验。 （prep & adj.-V）,5. Passing through the gorge, across the stream and then up the mountain, they looked down from the top into the distance, an expense of flat land lying before them. 他们穿过峡谷，跨过溪流，登上山顶极目远眺，山下是一马平川。 (prep.
14、-v),6. The sea thundered on, over and past, and as it roared by it revealed a hideous sight. 海浪狂啸着滚来，如泰山压顶一般，又怒吼着 滚远，巨浪过处，一片狼藉。 (adv.-v.),7. 客货轮沿湘江可穿洞庭，入长江，上达重庆，下抵上海，交通极为方便。 Its very convenient for passenger or cargo vessels to sail from the Xiang River through the Dongting Lake along the Yangtze Ri
15、ver upwards to Chongqing City and downwards to Shanghai City . （v-prep.）,8. The vast expanse of the United States of America stretches from the heavily industrialized metropolitan Atlantic seaboard across the rich flat farms of the central plains, over the Rocky Mountains to the fertile west coast,
16、then half way across the Pacific to the balmy island-state of Hawaii .,美利坚合众国地域辽阔，从高度工业化、大都市遍布的大西洋沿岸延伸到中部平原肥沃平坦的农场，越过洛矶山脉，到达富饶的西海岸，然后横跨半个太平洋直抵气候温和由群岛组成的夏威夷州。 （prep. v.）,9. 该中心还将具备会展博览、文化体育、金融保险、服务、研发等功能。 The center will also function as a base for exhibitions, fairs, cultural and sports activities, financial, insurance and other services, and research and development. (n-v),10. It is a research approach primarily concerned with examining
