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1、,INTERNATIONAL TRADE,经济与贸易学院 陈原 教授,Theory for Interantional Trade,Contact Me,,18922739398,工作室：B北213,能否例举一下你们所了解的国际贸易相关的词汇和事情,世界贸易组织（WTO）和关贸总协定（GATT） 欧盟、北美自由贸易区、APEC 全球化 比较优势 国际货币基金组织（IMF）、世界银行、中国进出口银行 跨国公司 海关、关税、配额、许可证 自由贸易政策,一句古语,“兼相爱，交相利”-墨子 Exchange/Transaction 1、交换什么？（国际贸易学研究范围：包括商品、服务及其生产要素P3）
2、2、为什么要交换？ 3、交换会产生什么影响？ 对本国的影响（对本国经济的影响、对本国福利的影响） 对国际市场和贸易伙伴的影响 4、交换的动态变化,国际贸易学的研究对象(Research field) including: 1 Cause-国际贸易产生的原因 2 Condition-国际贸易条件 贸易条件的决定 影响贸易条件的因素 3 Policy-国际贸易政策 制定贸易政策的理论依据 贸易政策措施及经济效应 4 Measures-国际贸易措施 关税和非关税措施,总结：国际贸易学课程的研究对象 国际贸易学是一门研究国际间商品和劳务交换的经济规律、理论、基本政策的经济学科。 国际贸易学是国际经济学
3、中非常重要的一个部分，其基础是微观经济学。可以说，国际贸易理论是开放条件下的微观经济学。 国际贸易理论研究的范围不仅包括商品和服务的国际流动，也包括生产要素的国际流动和技术知识的国际传递。 国际贸易理论研究商品、服务和生产要素对国际流动的原因和方向，也研究流动的结果。,国际贸易是指世界各个国（或地区）在商品和劳务等方面进行的交换活动。它是各国（或地区）在国际分工的基础上相互联系的主要形式，反映了世界各国（或地区）在经济上的相互依赖关系，是由各国对外贸易的总和构成的。,International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and servi
4、ces across international borders or territories. In most countries, such trade represents a significant share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). While international trade has been present throughout much of history (take Silk Road, Amber Road as examples), its economic, social, and political importanc
5、e has been on the rise in recent centuries.,Ancient silk road trade routes across Eurasia,Industrialization, advanced transportation, globalization, multinational corporations, and outsourcing are all having a major impact on the international trade system. Increasing international trade is crucial
6、to the continuance of globalization. Without international trade, nations would be limited to the goods and services produced within their own borders.,International trade is, in principle, not different from domestic trade as the motivation and the behavior of parties involved in a trade do not cha
7、nge fundamentally regardless of whether trade is across a border or not. The main difference is that international trade is typically more costly than domestic trade. The reason is that a border typically imposes additional costs such as tariffs, time costs due to border delays and costs associated
8、with country differences such as language, the legal system or culture.,Another difference between domestic and international trade is that factors of production such as capital and labor are typically more mobile within a country than across countries. Thus international trade is mostly restricted
9、to trade in goods and services, and only to a lesser extent to trade in capital, labor or other factors of production. Trade in goods and services can serve as a substitute for trade in factors of production.,Instead of importing a factor of production, a country can import goods that make intensive
10、 use of that factor of production and thus embody it. An example is the import of labor-intensive goods by the United States from China. Instead of importing Chinese labor, the United States imports goods that were produced with Chinese labor. One report in 2010 suggested that international trade wa
11、s increased when a country hosted a network of immigrants, but the trade effect was weakened when the immigrants became assimilated into their new country.,International trade is also a branch of economics, which, together with international finance, forms the larger branch of international economic
12、s.,Its role in the systematization of Economics,EC,Microeconomics,Macroeconomics,International Business,International Economics,International Finance,国际贸易课程和经济学密切相关，请同学们复习经济学的微观部分。 例如：生产可能性曲线，社会无差异曲线、机会成本等概念。,The economic arguments surrounding the benefits and costs of the trade in goods and service
13、s are not abstract academic ones. International trade theory has shaped the economic policy of many nations for the past 50 years.,It was the driver behind the formation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and regional trade blocs such as the European Union (EU) and the North American Free Trade A
14、greement (NAFTA).,The 1990s, in particular, saw a global move toward greater free trade.It is crucially important to understand,therefore, what these theories are and why they have been so successful in shaping the economic policy of so many nations and the competitive environment in which internati
15、onal businesses compete.,Apples sales in China jump 67% last quarter Updated: 2013-01-25 10:05 By Shen Jingting (China Daily),An Apple Inc store in Beijing. China accounted for 13 percent of Apples total sales compared with 8.8 percent a year earlier. Photo/China Daily,Huawei becomes worlds 3rd-larg
16、est smartphone vendor,Updated: 2013-01-29 10:23By Shen Jingting (China Daily) A booth of the Chinese telecom giant Huawei Technologies Co Ltd is seen at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas in the United States, Jan 8, 2013. Zhang Qidong / Asianewsphoto,Chinese telecom giant Huawei Technologies Co Ltd emerged as the worlds third-largest smartphone vendor in the fourth quarter of 2012, as traditional mobile phone manufacturers like Nokia Corp
