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1、（四）动词动词;The Verb (v) 表示动作或状态,有人称和数时态、语态、语气的不同变化。动词可以分为四类：实义动词（或称行为动词）、连系动词、情态动词以及助动词。 一、实义动词 （行为动词）1.不及物动词:不能直接跟宾语,常须加了介词后方能加宾语 如:look at (for, after), get to (on), operate on, hear of, hear from, point to (at), worry about, knock at, play with, think about等 2.及物动词:后面必须跟宾语,意义才完整在及物动词+副词 构成动副搭配时,代词放中
2、间这一点同学们常易忘记,故应特别加以记忆。如:turn on() turn on the radio() turn the radio on () turn on it() turn it on() 常见的动副搭配的词组有：put on, pick up, look up, wake up, try on, write down, move away, take away等,这种搭配的词组，其后跟名词时，名词可以放在副词的前面或后面。如果是代词宾格，则一定要放在副词的前面。如put on your coat, put it on. 3.注意行为动词的几种变化形式原形 第三人称单数 过去式 过去
3、分词 现在分词enjoy enjoys enjoyed enjoyed enjoying现在分词的变化方法，一般是直接在动词后加ing，有几个特殊的可加以记忆：lie-lying, die-dying 要双写的单词有：一个m (swim_) 一个g (dig_) 三个n (run_, win_, begin_) 三p (stop_ shop_,drop_) 还有六个t ( sit_, hit_，get_, let_, put_, forget_) 注意forget, begin这种双音节单词。另外，eat, wait这两个词不是重读闭音节，故不能双写加ing。4.请区别几组易混淆的同义动词第一
4、组look-see-watch-readlook看 look at the bird see看见 see a film watch观看、注视 watch TV， watch a football matchread读 ，阅读 read a book， read newspapers第二组 say-speak-talk-tellsay 说（不及物动词）say to sb. , (后跟引语) say it again (后常跟it)speak讲，发言（不及物动词）speak at the meeting learn to speak speak English talk 谈话（不及物动词）talk
5、 about sth.(谈论某事) talk with sb.(和某人交谈) tell 告诉，讲（及物动词）tell sb. to do sth. / tell sb. not to do sth.tell sb. about sth. (后常跟某人) tell the time “报时”/ tell a story “讲故事” 练习：用say, speak, talk,tell的适当形式填空：1.Can you Japanese? 2.The teacher us not to play in the street.3.Would you please it in English?4.Wha
6、t are you about?第三组 borrow- lendborrow借进（短暂动词）borrow sth.(借某物) borrow sth.from sb.(向某人借某物) 如May I borrow your bike? Mine is broken. lend 借出（短暂动词）lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb.(把某物借给某人) You mustnt lend it to others. keep借（一段时间），常与一段时间的时间状语连用，为延续性动词。如: How long may I keep it? 第四组 bring- takebring带来（表
7、示从远处拿到说话的地点来），常与here, me 搭配如：Please bring my hat to me tomorrow. take 带走（表示从说话地点拿到远处去），常与there, away搭配如：Take your raincoat with you. Its going to rain. 第五组listen- hearlisten 听 不及物，常与介词to连用 如:I listened carefully, but heard nothing.hear 听到 及物 后直接跟宾语hear from sb收到某人的来信 如:Jims mother havent heard from
8、him for a long time.hear of听说 如:Have you heard of the news?第六组look for- find- find outlook for寻找 （强调动作）find找到 发现（强调结果）如:We looked for him everywhere but didnt find him.find out查明 （通过调查研究找到事实的真相）如:Can you find out who broke the window? 第七组put on- wear- dressput on 穿上 （强调动作）如:Its cold outside. Please
9、put on your coat. wear 穿着（强调状态）如:Lucy is wearing a blue sweater today. dress 打扮，给.穿衣服dress sb. / oneself 给某人（或自己）穿衣服 get dressed 穿好衣服dress up 打扮 穿上盛装” 如:She often dresses up in a red skirt. 第八组forget- leave forget忘了某物 如:I forgot to tell you about it. leave 把某物忘在某地 如:Kate left her key to her room at
10、home. 5 有些及物动词后可以跟双宾语即直接宾语（表物）和间接宾语（表人），间接宾语通常位于直接宾语之前，若颠倒两者的位置，则通常在间接宾语前加一个介词（to或for）。1 2draw sth. for sb. pass sth. to sb.make sth. for sb. give sth. to sb.mend sth. for sb. lend sth. to sb.buy sth. for sb. show sth. to sb.get sth. for sb. bring sth. to sb.cook sth. for sb. take sth. to sb.keep st
11、h. for sb. write sth. to sb.return sth. for sb. send sth. to sb.二.连系动词His grandpa has been _ for over ten years.(die) 的连系动词有：be + adj. / n. 是，在 become + n. /adj.变成 turn + adj.变得 get + adj.变得grow + adj.长得 keep + adj.保持着 seem + adj./n.看起来好象feel + adj.感到 look + adj.看上去smell + adj.闻起来 taste + adj.尝起来 so
12、und + adj.听起来三.情态动词1.can:能，会表示能力，相当于be able to。可以，表示许可，相当于may，cant be 不可能2.may:可以，可能，或许 may be 可能 请区别maybe副词 可能 3.must:必须，表示肯定的猜测must be 准是，一定是4.could: 比can语气更委婉，客气，并不表示过去时。5.注意回答形式： May I.? Yes, you may. No, you cant (mustnt). Must I .?Yes, you must. No,you neednt.6.must 表示说话人的主观看法，have to 表示外界客观愿望
13、,不得不。 如:Her mother is ill. She has to stay at home and take care of her. You must look after your clothes. 7.should 表示应当，应该与疑问词连用表意外，惊奇。What should I do? 我该怎么办呢？8.will, would 在交际用语中，would更客气，表邀请。Will you.? .好吗？ Would you.? 四、助动词：助动词有do, does, did, have, has, will, would等五、动词不定式 to do 形式：to +动词原形 特点：1.无人称和数的变化。 2.在句中不能作谓语。3.可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成不定式短语。 1. 使役动词: let, make have 感观动词: see, hear, watch, feel, notice之后必须使用省略to的动词不定式。如： Nothing could make him get angry. I often hear her sing in the morning. 2.had bette
