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1、定语从句专项讲解与练习1、定语从句在句中修饰某个名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句需用下列关联词：关系代词和关系副词。它们起连词作用，本身做从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语，本身在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语。主要有who,whom,that,whose,which,as,when,where,why。PS:what不能引导定语从句.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that.指物的关系代词有which、whose(=ofwhich)、that.Theoldmanwho/whom/thatwevisitedyesterdayisafamousartist.MissWang
2、istakingcareofthechildwhoseparentshavegonetoBeijing.Themanwithwhommyfathershookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.（=Themanwho/whom/thatmyfathershookhandswithjustnowisourheadmaster.）Ilikethebookswhich/thatwerewrittenbyLuXun.Thedesks(which/that)wemadelastyearwereverygood.Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.
3、(=Thisisthehousewhich/thatwelivedinlastyear.)Iliveintheroomwhosewindowsfacesouth.(=Iliveintheroom,thewindowsofwhichfacesouth.)2、掌握以上关系代词、关系副词的含义及使用时，要特别注意以下几点：1）指人时宜用who的情况：a.当先行词是one,ones,anyone或those,these时，关系代词用who。ThecomradeIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkshard.Anyonewhobreaksthelaw
4、shouldbepunished.Anyonewhogoestherewillbepunished.ThesewhoaregoingtoBeijingarethebeststudentsofourschool.b.在therebe开头的句子中。Theresabeautifulgirlwhocametoseeyouthismorning.Thereisastudentwhowantstoseeyou.c.先行词后有一个较长的定语。ImetaforeignerinthecitylastweekwhocouldspeakChinesewell.d.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代
5、词是that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshards.e.在非限定性定语从句中。Shehasabrother,whoworkedatthatfactorytenyearsago.2)指物时宜用that的情况：a.当先行词为all,none,much,little,few,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.b.当先行词既指人又指物时。Hespokeofthemenandthething(t
6、hat)hehadseenabroad.c.当先行词是疑问词who,what,which时或者句子以疑问词who,what,which打头时。Whothathassuchahomedoesntloveit?d.先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或者当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。ThisisoneofthebestfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.e.当先行词被thevery,theonly,thelast,thesame,just,oneof,any,every,few,little,no,all,oneof等修饰时。
7、ThisisoneoftheverybookthatIamlookingfor.f.关系代词在从句中作表语。Maryisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.3)只能用which不能用that的情况。a.引导非限定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。Brucewenttowardsthefire,whichwasstillsmoking.Tomcamebacklate,whichmadehisparentsveryangry.b.关系代词作介词的宾语。ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.c.that，those作主语时Thosewhicha
8、reonthedeskareEnglishbooks.4)关系代词as和which都能引导非限定性定语从句代表整个句子的内容，as引导的从句可位于句首或句末，which引导的定语从句则不能位于句首。Whichyouknow,heisagoodman.()Asyouknow,heisagoodman.()5)关系副词when,where,why其含义相当于onwhich,inwhich,forwhich等，可以互换：Thedaywhen/onwhichImethimfirstwasMay1st.Idontknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidntcome.6)whose指物
9、时，可以与ofwhich等结构互换，但应注意与冠词的位置关系：Thisisthebookthecoverofwhich/ofwhichthecover/whosecoverisblue.7)有时可用that代替关系副词。在口语中常省略。Thisisthereason(why/forwhich/that)hecamelate.8)先行词是专有名词、整个句子或世界上独一无二的物质名词时，一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。Thesun,whichgivesuslightandheat,isverybig.9)在先行词和定语从句之间有无逗号有时会引起名义的变化：Hesaidnothingthatmadehe
10、rangry.他没说使她生气的话。Hesaidnothing,whichmadeherangry.他一言不发，这使她很生气。10)部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开，在定语从句中其介词不可前置，只能放在其动词之后。Isthisthebookwhichsheislookingfor?Theoldmanwho/whomtheyarewaitingforisProfessorLi.Thechildwho/whomsheislookingafterisWangPingsson.11)先行词前有such、thesame、as时,关系代词用as，不用that,但thesameas表示同样的,thesame
11、that表示同一的。Heknowsasmanypeopleasarepresentatthemeeting.Suchpeopleasyourefertoarerarenowadays.3、定语从句与强调结构Itistheplacewheretheylivedbefore.Itisintheplacethattheylivedbefore.第一个句子为定语从句，where指代theplace，在定语从句中作状语，第二个句子为强调结构，强调intheplace,that没有意义，把放回后面句子，句子意思完整。Whereisitthathefoundthelostwatch?(强调句型，强调疑问副词
12、where.)Whereisthewatchhefoundyesterday?(定语从句，that指代thewatch.)4、定语从句中的先行词Isthisbooktheonethatyouboughtyesterday?Isthisthebookthatyouboughtyesterday?第一个句子中，thisbook是主句的主语，theone是先行词。在第二个句子中this是主句的主语，thebook是先行词。一定要避免出现：Isthisbookthatyouboughtyesterday?5、定语从句与同位语从句定语从句相当于形容词，它对先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用，而同位语从句则相当
13、于名词，对其前面的词给予说明或作进一步解释，即说明该词所表示的具体内容。例如：Thenewsthatweheardisnottrue.(定语从句)Thenewsthathewontheprizeisnottrue.（同位语从句）另:在“havenoidea从句”结构中，其从句都作idea的同位语。例如：Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.6.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：Allthestudentswhostudyhardhavepassed.学习努力的学生都考试及格了。(只有努力的及格了，不努力的没及格。)Allthestudents,whostudyhardhavepassed.所有的学生都及格了，他们学习努力。（没有人不及格，这些学生都很努力。）在限制性定语从句中，从句是先行词不可缺少的定语（如去掉，主句意思就不完整或不正确。）从句与主句关系密切，不用逗号。译为汉语时，从句译在先行词前，与先行词用“的”连接。在非限制性定
