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1、专题三 形容词和副词,-2-,考情概览 1.考查形容词和副词及其短语的词义辨析。高考命题者对形容词的考查主要是设置较长的题干,考查在具体语境中辨析词义的能力。对于副词主要考查以-ly结尾的副词,程度副词和表达行文逻辑、起衔接作用的副词。 2.考查形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。命题者设置巧妙的语境,题干中信息含蓄,没有明显的标志词,考生只有理解句子含义,明确比较范围,才能得到正确的答案。,-3-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,形容词和副词的词义辨析 词义辨析是高考对形容词、副词考查的一大热点。解答此类题的关键是理解所给形容词、副词的词义,认真分析具体的语境,结合基本词义、搭配等来选择正
2、确的答案。 从近几年全国及各省市高考试题来看,考查频率最高的形容词和副词有otherwise,however,nevertheless,instead,merely,even, interested,interesting,yet,hardly,just,therefore,though,too,very, common,effective,either,ever,fair,seldom,always,rare,never,less,more,nearly,only,purposefully,rather,still,such,surprised,surprising等。,-4-,考点一,考点
3、二,考点三,考点四,考点五,【典例分析】 (2017天津卷,3)I want to see Mr.White.We have an appointment. Im sorry,but he is not at the moment,for the meeting hasnt ended. A.busy B.active C.concerned D.available 答案为D项。句意:我想见怀特先生,我们有约定。抱歉,他现在没有空,因为会议还没有结束。busy“繁忙的”;active“积极的”;concerned“担心的”;available“有空的;可得到的”。故选D项。,-5-,考点一,考
4、点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,(2016浙江卷,13)A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, if you are travelling at high speed. A.eventually B.strangely C.merely D.especially 答案为D项。句意:突然制动是很吓人的经历,特别是你正在高速行驶的时候。根据句意,选especially “特别,尤其”。eventually“最后”;strangely“奇怪地”;merely“仅仅”。,-6-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点四,形容词和副词的比较等级
5、 1.对两者进行同等程度的比较用“as+原级+as”句型。当as .as 中间有名词时采用“as+形容词+a(n)+单数名词+as”和“as+many/much+名词+as”的形式。如: This is as good an example as the other is. 2.对两者进行不同程度的比较用“not as/so+原级+as”句型。如: He cannot run so/as fast as you. 3.表示前者的程度超过后者时用“比较级+than”句型。如: Tom works harder than Peter. He is more diligent than his br
6、other. 4.表示前者的程度不如后者时用“less+原级+than”句型。如: This book is less interesting than that one.,-7-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点四,5.“比较级+and+比较级”可用来表示“越来越”。如: It is becoming colder and colder. 6.“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越,就越”。如: The busier he is,the happier he feels. 7.要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则。如: The population of Shanghai is lar
7、ger than that of Beijing.(对) The population of Shanghai is larger than Beijing.(错) 8.要避免重复使用比较级。如: He is cleverer/more clever than his brother.(对) He is more cleverer than his brother.(错),-8-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点四,9.要避免将主语含在比较对象中。如: China is larger than any other country in Asia/any country in Africa.
8、(对) China is larger than any country in Asia.(错),-9-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点四,【典例分析】 (2016浙江卷,18)I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend in the coming years. A.little more B.no more C.much more D.many more 答案为D项。前面提到的名词events是可数名词,因此不能用little和much去修饰,故排除A、C两项。根据语境,“我”一直喜欢这
9、些活动,应该希望未来几年继续参加更多(类似的活动)。后半句补全以后应该是I hope to attend many more such events in the coming years。故选D项。,-10-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点四,I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time there are meaningful things to do. A.less B.more C.the least D.the most 答案为B项。less“更少的”;more“更多的”;the least“最小的,最少的”;the
10、most“最多的”。句意:我认为每天晚上看电视是浪费时间有更多有意义的事情去做。故选B项。,-11-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点四,特别提醒 我们在解考查比较级和最高级的题目时,分清比较的范围是关键: (1)两个事物进行比较应用比较级,三个或三个以上的事物进行比较应用最高级。做题时既要通过分析数量关系确定使用比较级还是最高级,又要注意通过句意和语境进行判断,因为很多题目并没有直接说明是几者进行比较,而是把数量隐含在句意中。 (2)若题目为省略句,应根据语境和语意寻找被比较的对象,然后确定比较的范围。,-12-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点四,比较级和最高级前的状语 1.比较级
11、前常用表示程度的副词(短语)做状语,常见的有much/a lot/a great deal/a bit/a little/still/even/far/rather等,但是very/quite/fairly一般不用来修饰比较级。如: He is much/a lot/a great deal taller than I. 2.比较级前还常用名词、数词和倍数做状语。如: We have a third as many students as we had last term. The river is three times as long as that one. 3.最高级常用by far/
12、much或序数词做状语。如: The population of China is by far the largest in the world. Africa is the second largest continent.,-13-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点四,【典例分析】 (2017天津南开区二模,8)How did you find your trip to Water Park in the summer of 2016? I thoroughly enjoyed it.It was than I expected. A.even much interesting B.
13、far more interesting C.so far interesting D.far from interesting 答案为B项。句意:你认为你在2016年夏天的水上乐园之旅怎么样?我非常享受那次旅行。它比我预期的要有趣得多。根据句意可知,空处表示“有趣得多”,形容词interesting的比较级为more interesting,修饰形容词的比较级可用far或much等,故选B项。,-14-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点四,特别提醒 比较句型中用名词、数词和倍数做状语时,一定要把这些状语放在比较级前或同级比较的第一个as前。,-15-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点
14、四,比较级的否定 1.not用来否定比较级时,只陈述客观事实,即“not+比较级+than .”表示“不比”。如: Jim is not taller than Daming. 2.no用来否定比较级时,往往带有感情色彩,对比较的两者都否定,即“no+比较级+than .”表示“和一样不”。如: The patient is no better than he was yesterday. Sunlight is no less necessary than fresh air to a healthy body. 3.“否定词+不定冠词+形容词的比较级+名词”或“否定词+比较级”表示“从未,
15、未曾”,常常表达最高级的意义。如: This film is very moving.I have never seen a better one.,-16-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点四,【典例分析】 (2017天津高考压轴卷,25)Grandma does all her own shopping and cookingI have never seen aged person. A.an independent B.a more independent C.the most independent D.the more independent 答案为B项。句意:奶奶自己购物做饭
16、,我从没见过比她更独立的老年人。否定词加比较级表示最高级的意思,修饰可数名词person且表示泛指,用a, 故选B项。,-17-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点四,常用连接性副词 1.besides“另外,此外”,表示递进关系。 2.however“然而”,表示让步、转折关系。常用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。 3.though“然而,可是”,表示转折关系。做副词时,用于句末。 4.moreover“另外”,表示承接关系。 5.anyway“无论如何,不管怎样”,表示转折关系。 6.therefore“因此,所以”,表示结果。 7.meanwhile “在此期间”,表示两个动作同时发生。 8.instead“相反”,表示动作相反。,-18-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点四,【典例分析】 By accepting lower prices,organizers can sell tickets that would go unsold. A.therefore B.otherw
