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1、专题十 特殊句式和交际用语,-2-,考情概览 从近五年高考试题来看,特殊句式主要考查倒装句、省略句和强调句的用法,交际用语主要考查语境和英语思维习惯。命题的着重点在以下几个方面: 1.考查倒装句式,特别注意以下几种情况: (1)考查全部倒装结构。 (2)only位于句首修饰状语等时,要用部分倒装。 (3)虚拟条件句省去if,将had,were,should等移至句首的倒装。 (4)含有否定意义的词置于句首时,要用部分倒装。,-3-,2.考查省略句的构成,尤其是以下几种情况: (1)省略主语、主语和谓语或主语和谓语的一部分。 (2)状语从句省略为“连词+非谓语动词”形式,务必要明确句子主语与非谓
2、语动词的逻辑关系以及非谓语动词与谓语的时间关系。 (3)不定式的省略。 (4)if so,if ever,if not,if possible等省略结构。 3.考查强调句型的构成。近几年高考更加注重考查知识之间的交叉现象,加大了综合考查语法知识的力度,以下几个方面要引起高度重视: (1)强调状语从句及not.until.句型的特殊构成方式。 (2)把强调句型与定语从句、省略句以及强调句型与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合到一起考查学生综合把握语法知识的能力。,-4-,4.考查社会交往类交际用语。考查的方式以应答为主、提问为辅,侧重考查上下句在语气上的和谐一致以及考生的英语思维意识。要求考
3、生掌握一些常见的诸如表示感谢、道歉、请求等的应答用语。,-5-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,倒装句 1.全部倒装常见的情况: (1)here/there/out/in/up/down/away等副词置于句首,句子主语又是名词时,须用全部倒装语序。如: Here is a letter for you. Out rushed the children. Away went the boy. 句子主语是代词时,不用倒装语序。如: Here she comes. Out they rushed. (2)有的句子为了保持前后平衡、使上下文紧密衔接,或为了表达生动,或为了强调
4、表语或状语,常采用全部倒装语序。,-6-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,(3)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时,须用全部倒装语序。如: In front of his house sat a small boy. (4)so/neither/nor置于句首,表示前面的情况也适用于另一者时,须用全部倒装语序。但当so位于句首,表示对前面所说情况的认同和强调、前后主语一致时,不用倒装,这时so意为“的确,确实,真的”。如: He is a doctor.So is his wife. I have never been there;neither has he. He can
5、 speak English. So he can.,-7-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,【典例分析】 This is not my story,nor the whole story.My story plays out differently. A.is there B.there is C.is it D.it is 答案为C项。句意:这不是我的故事,也不是整个故事。我的故事结局是不同的。nor位于句首时,应用倒装结构。该句主语应该是it而不是there be句型,故选C项。,-8-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,2.部分倒装常见的情
6、况: (1)含有否定意义的副词或连词never/not/little/seldom/hardly/not only/no sooner等置于句首时,须用部分倒装语序。如: Never shall I forget it. Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started. (2)only置于句首,修饰状语时,须用部分倒装语序。如: Only in this way can you learn English well. (3)as意为“尽管”,引导让步状语从句时,须用部分倒装语序,把表语、状语或动词原形提前,并且做表语的名词提前时,不
7、能带有冠词。如: Pretty as she is,she is not clever. Try as he would,he might fail again. Child as he is,he can speak two foreign languages.,-9-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,(4)表示“如此以至于”的so/such.that.句型,为强调而把so/such.置于句首时,须用部分倒装语序。如: So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself. Such a nice man d
8、oes he seem that we all believe him.,-10-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,【典例分析】 (2016江苏卷,34)Not until recently the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas. A.they had encouraged B.had they encouraged C.did they encourage D.they encouraged 答案为C项。not until引导时间状语从句并位于句首,主句要用部分倒装。句意:直到
9、最近,他们才鼓励在农村地区发展与旅游相关的活动。,-11-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,(2015天津卷,3)Only when Lily walked into the office that she had left the contract at home. A.she realized B.has she realized C.she has realized D.did she realize 答案为D项。句意:直到莉莉走进办公室,她才意识到自己把合同落在家里了。“only+状语从句”位于句首时,主句采用部分倒装语序;根据前面的walked一词可知,此处用
10、一般过去时。,-12-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,省略句 1.不定式的省略。某些动词后面可省略做宾语的不定式而只保留to。但to后有系动词be或助动词have时,be和have也应保留。如: Are you an engineer? No,but I want to be (an engineer). He did not give me the chance,though he had promised to (give me the chance). He hasnt finished the task yet. Well,he ought to have (
11、finished the task).,-13-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,2.在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语一致时,从句主语可以省略,同时将从句的谓语动词变为分词形式。如果主语与从句谓语是主动关系,用动词-ing形式;如果是被动关系,用过去分词。如: While waiting/he was waiting there,he saw two pretty girls come out of the building. If not/he is not invited,he wont go to your birthday party. 3.
12、在时间、地点、条件、让步等状语从句中,从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it,其后动词是be时,可省去“主语+be” 部分。如: When (he was) still a boy of ten,he had to work day and night. If (it is) necessary,Ill explain it to you again.,-14-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,4.表示“除了”的介词but前若有实义动词do/does/did/done,后面的动词不定式不带to。介词but前若没有动词do及其变化形式,后面的不定式带to。如: I cou
13、ld do nothing but wait there. We had no choice but to obey the rules.,-15-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,特别提醒 遇到省略句的题目,应从以下几个方面考虑: (1)根据省略的条件判断哪些成分可以省略。例如不定式to后的have/be是否可以省略。 (2)根据省略的条件判断省略了哪些成分,可以试着补出省略的成分,以达到理解句意的目的。 (3)“连词+非谓语动词”是状语从句的省略,非谓语动词的逻辑主语也就是全句的主语,要通过逻辑关系和时间关系判断该用哪一种非谓语形式。,-16-,考点一,考点二,考点
14、三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,【典例分析】 Children,when by their parents,are allowed to enter the stadium. A.to be accompanied B.to at accompany C.accompanying D.accompanied 答案为D项。考查非谓语动词。句意:孩子们有父母陪伴时才被允许进入这个体育场。children与accompany存在被动关系,所以用过去分词形式。,-17-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,强调句型 1.构成形式:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who
15、/whom. 2.强调句型常用来强调句子的主语、宾语或状语。该句型的主语一般是it,不可换用this或that。无论强调什么,引导词都可用that;强调人时,引导词可用who/whom,不可使用其他引导词。如: It was Li Ping that/whom I met in the park yesterday. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping? When and where was it that you were born? 3.not until置于句首时须用倒装语序。强调not.until.句型的时间状语时,要把not与until连在一起。
16、如: It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.,-18-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,4.在强调句型中,当强调主语时,其后的谓语动词应同被强调成分的人称和数保持一致。如: It is I who am responsible for the accident. 5.强调句型不能用来强调句子的谓语。需要强调谓语动词时,要借助于助动词do/does/did,表示“确实,真的,务必”。如: Do sit down. I did attend the meeting yesterday.,-19-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,特别提醒 由于强调句型是一个单一、固定的句式,所以考查强调句型时,往往通过复杂的题干来增加题目的难度。做题时应注意: (1)区分强调句型和定语从句。试着把it is/was.that/who/whom.去掉,如果剩下的成分仍然能组成一个完整的句子,就是强调句型,否则就是定语从句。 (2)对话中常承接上文将强调
