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1、专题九 并列句和复合句,-2-,考情概览 分析历年全国各省市高考试题可以看出,对于并列句和复合句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面: 1.考查“祈使句+and/or+简单句”结构中祈使句应用动词原形、而不能用非谓语动词的用法。 2.考查并列句中but,or等连词的选用,做题时一定要明确前后句的逻辑关系和语境意义。 3.考查名词性从句中引导词的选用,区分what,that,wh-ever,whether,if,where,why,when等连接代词和连接副词的语义功能和语法功能。把名词性从句与定语从句放在一起进行综合考查,尤其增加了试题的难度。,-3-,4.考查定语从句中引导词的选用,重点是关系代词与
2、关系副词的辨别,以及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。其中对as,which,whose,when用法的考查呈上升趋势。对定语从句与名词性从句、状语从句和强调结构的综合考查也是考查的热点。 5.考查状语从句中引导词的选用,其中时间、条件、让步、地点状语从句是考查的重点。一定要把握主句、从句间的意义及逻辑关系,注意区分不同从属连词的语义功能和语法功能。,-4-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点九,but,while,however的区别 but表示意义的转折;while既表示转折又表示对比;however为表示转折意义的副词,常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。如:
3、I got it wrong.It wasnt the red one but the blue one. I drink black coffee while he prefers it with cream. I like football,while my sister likes basketball. She has difficulty in learning English;however,she works hard and is making rapid progress.,-5-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点九,【典例分析】 He i
4、s a shy man, he is not afraid of anything or anyone. A.so B.but C.or D.as 答案为B项。句意:他是一个腼腆的人,但是他不害怕任何事情或任何人。前后两句在内容上构成转折关系,所以用but连接。 Theres no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery another man,also intelligent,fails. A.since B.if C.as D.while 答案为D项。考查连词。句意:很难理解为什么一个人会做出一项重要的发现而另一个同样
5、很聪明的人却没有。since “自从;既然”;if “如果”;as “就像”;while 为并列连词,表示“然而”。,-6-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,“祈使句+and/or+简单句”句型 在该句型中,前面的祈使句表示条件,后面的陈述句表示结果。如果前后句表示顺延意义,中间的连词用and,相当于“if条件状语从句+主句”;如果前后句表示转折意义,中间的连词用or,相当于“否定的if条件状语从句+主句”。如: Work hard and you will succeed.(If you work hard,you will succeed.) Hur
6、ry up,or well be late.(If we dont hurry up,well be late.) 在上面的句型中,有时前面的祈使句可省略为名词词组。如: One more word and I will beat you.,-7-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,【典例分析】 Give me a chance, Ill give you a wonderful surprise. A.if B.or C.and D.while 答案为C项。考查连词。句意:给我一个机会,我会给你一个很大的惊喜。前后句之间是顺承关系,故用and。题干为“祈
7、使句+and/or+简单句”句式。,-8-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,并列连词when和for的用法 1.when可用做并列连词,表示“就在这时,就在那时(突然发生了某事)”。如: We were ready to rush away when the snake moved. 2.for可用做并列连词,表示补充说明的原因。如: We had better stay at home,for it is raining. 【典例分析】 (2016北京卷,35)I am not afraid of tomorrow, I have seen yeste
8、rday and I love today. A.so B.and C.for D.but 答案为C项。句意:我毫不畏惧明天,因为我亲眼看见了昨天并且深爱着今天。由句意可知,空前表示结果,空后表示原因,故选C项。,-9-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,主语从句的引导词 1.连接代词who,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever等,在从句中做主语、表语、宾语、定语等,尤其要注意what引导的主语从句是高考命题的热点。如: What he wants to tell us is not clear. Who
9、will win the match is still unknown. 2.连接副词when,where,why,how等,在从句中做状语。如: Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 3.连词that,whether(不用if),在从句中不担任成分。如: That he will come and help you is certain. Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.,-10-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考
10、点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,4.what引导主语从句时为连接代词,表示“的东西,的事情”,既起引导作用,又在从句中做主语、宾语或表语;that引导主语从句时为连词,无意义,只起引导作用,不在从句中担任成分,但不可省略。 特别提醒 选择主语从句引导词时,应着重考虑以下几个方面: (1)无意义也不做成分,只起引导作用时用连词that,但不能省略。 (2)表示“是否”之意时,应用连词whether,不要误用if。 (3)需要引导词在从句中做成分时,根据句意选用who/what/which/when/where等连接代词或连接副词。 (4)whoever相当于anyone who,意
11、为“任何人”;whatever相当于anything that,意为“任何事情”。,-11-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,【典例分析】 (2017北京卷,23)Every year, makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. A.whatever B.whoever C.whomever D.whichever 答案为B项。句意:每年,凡是制作出最精美的风筝的人将在风筝节上获奖。whoever在此处相当于anyone/anybody who,引导主语从句。
12、whatever“无论什么”;whomever“无论谁”,在从句中做宾语;whichever“无论哪一个”。,-12-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,(2016江苏卷,21)It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. A.why B.what C.as D.that 答案为D项。分析句子结构可知,句首的It是形式主语,空格后的部分是句子的真正主语;从句结构完整,意思完整,引导词在从句中不做成分,故用连接词that。句意:通常情况下,对那些不放弃希望的人
13、来说,任何事都是可能的。,-13-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,表语从句的引导词 1.连接代词who,whose,what,which等,在从句中做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。如: Thats just what I want. The question is who will be the next president of France. 2.连接副词when,where,why,how等,在从句中做状语。如: This is where our problem lies. That is why he didnt come to the meet
14、ing.,-14-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,3.连词that,whether (不用if),as if,as though等,在从句中不担任成分。如: The problem is that they cant get here early enough. The point is whether we should lend him the money. It looks as if its going to rain. 特别提醒 选择表语从句引导词时,以下几个方面应引起特别注意: (1)because可以引导表语从句,但句子主语为reason
15、时,表语从句的引导词应该用that。 (2)表语从句表示“是否”时,应用whether而不用if。,-15-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,【典例分析】 (2016北京卷,29)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust. A.what B.that C.whether D.why 答案为B项。句意:雨季最让人愉悦的一件事情就是可以完全远离尘土。分析句子结构可知,空处在句子中引导表语从句,且从句句子结构完整,再根据句意可知选that,
16、只起连接作用,无意义。,-16-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,宾语从句的引导词 1.连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whomever, whichever,whatever等,在从句中做主语、表语、宾语、定语等,what引导宾语从句在近几年高考试题中考查的频率最高。如: In ones own home one can do what one likes. She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 【典例分析】 Reading her biography,I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in literature. A.what B.that C.why D.how 答案为A项。分析句子结构可知,介词for后面的从句为宾语从句。因为从句谓语动词achieve为及物动词,缺少宾语,所以引导词需是连接代词。
