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1、句法知识,（二）句子按其结构可以分为:简单句、并列句、复合句.,1）简单句:只含一个主谓结构. 她喜欢集邮.,2）并列句:含两或两个以上主谓结构,句间由并列连词或分号 连接. 食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口.,3）复合句:含一个主句和一个或几个从句,从句由从属连词引导. 我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了.,She is fond of collecting stamps.,The food was good, but he had little appetite.,The film had begun when we got to the cinema.,简 单 句,1）主+动（SV）,2）
2、主+系 +表（SVP）,3）主+动 +宾（SVO）,4）主+动 +间宾 +直宾（SVOiOd）,5）主+动 +宾 +补（SVOC）,6）There be 句型,六种基本句型,（三）基本句型:英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的:,句式1：主语不及物动词 The sun was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon rose. 月亮升起了。,注意：该句式的谓语多为不及物动词或相当于不及物动词的短语，因此没有被动语态，如下面的句子： Great changes have taken place in the past 30 years in
3、China. 不可说：Great changes have been taken place in the past 30 years in China.,句式2：主语系动词表语 特点：句子简单，侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样；谓语动词需用系动词；表语多为形容词，也可为名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。 All these dictionaries are a great help to me. 所有这些词典都对我帮助很大。 That railway is under construction. 那条铁路正在修建中。 Her ideal has come true. 她的理想实现了。,注意：1.系动
4、词常分为如下几类： 判断类：be，prove 似乎类：seem，appear，look 感官类：feel，look，sound，smell，taste 变成类：become，come，go，get，grow，fall，turn 仍然类：remain，continue，stay，keep,2连系动词后面一般不接副词作表语，如： The apple tastes well.() 要说：The apple tastes good. He looked sadly.() 要说：He looked sad. 但是，表示时间、地点的副词(over，up，off，out，here等)可以放在系动词be后面作
5、表语，如： The class meeting is over.班会结束了。 I must be off now.我现在得走了。,句式3：主语及物动词宾语 特点：此句式的共同特点是谓语动词都是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。 Some of the students are always longing for holidays. 有些学生总是渴望着放假。 注意：该句式的谓语动词要用及物动词。如果是不及物动词，后面一定要跟介词构成及物词组，如： He is listening to music. 他正在听音乐。,句式4：主语及物动词间接宾语直接
6、宾语 特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。 He showed me a book. That gentleman told us a funny story. 那位绅士给我们讲了个有趣的故事。 注意： I gave her a book. I gave a book to her. He bought me a pen. He bought a pen for me.,句式5：主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语 特点：该句式中动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完
7、整。宾语补足语用来补充、说明宾语的情况。 We caught him stealing a watch from the counter. 我们当场抓住他从柜台里偷手表。 I have got all the mistakes corrected. 我已经把我所有错误都改正了。,1 英语句子必须有谓语动词。 他像他爸爸。 这本书值得一读。 我反对你的意见。,五种基本句型的推导：,2 一个句子内有且只有一个动词充当谓语（并列谓语除外），其余动词应为非谓语或从句的谓语。 他给我一些水喝。,He is like his father.,The book is worth reading.,Im ag
8、ainst you.,He gave me some water to drink.,3 英语的任何句子都由五种基本句型构成。它是我们判断句子正确与否的标准，是英语写作、阅读的基础。,A. You are sitting on the train home. B. There comes the bus ! C. Things are getting better. D. Breckenridge hosts the international Snow Sculpture Championships. E.Our neighbors gave us a baby bird yesterday
9、. F. We think it our duty to study well.,主+动（SV）,主+动（SV）,主+系 +表（SVP）,主+动 +宾（SVO）,主+动 +间宾 +直宾（SVOiOd）,主+动 +宾 +补（SVOC）,判断下列句子属于何种句式,原句I miss you very much.,They后加are,DoDoing,原句He looks well.,was brokenbroke,under 前加is,7Dont make your mother be worried.,去掉be,The manager went through the companys accoun
10、ts.,He has settled down in Shenzhen.,She becomes upset.,The general often keeps calm.,I wonder whether you can help me.,返回,I can lend you a bike.,I told him that the camera was broken.,I request him to remain.,They recognized him to be a great leader.,He commanded all soldiers to attack.,返回,2. 更正下列句
11、子的错误,Exercises :,1. He came the room. 2. The music sounds. 3. I have seen. 4. He gave a pen me. 5. The boss made the boy to work hard. 6. My father bought a book to me.,1. He came into the room 2. The music sounds wonderful 3. I have seen the film. 4. He gave a pen to me. 5. The boss made the boy wo
12、rk hard. 6. My father bought a book for me .,Exercises :,3. 翻译下列句子并分析句子结构：,1. 我经常在早晨读英语。 2. 玛丽是个聪明的学生。 3. 我的老师交给我一封信 4. 我母亲经常叫我努力学习。 5. 我们叫我们的老师王先生 6. 他正在房里做家庭作业。,1. I often read English in the morning.,2. Mary is a clever student.,3. My teacher gave me a letter.,4. My mother often asks me to study hard.,5. We call our teacher Mr. Wang.,6. He is doing his homework in the room.,主 + 谓 + 宾,主 + 系 + 表,主 + 谓 + 双宾,主+ 谓 + 宾 +宾补,主+ 谓 + 宾 + 宾补,主 + 谓 + 宾,
