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1、倒装 倒装是一种语法手段,用以表示一定句子 结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要。 两种倒装 完全倒装：将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来如:In came a man with a white beard. 部分倒装： 只将be动词和助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前 如:Only once was John late to class.,1.表示方向的副词(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句首,句子用全部倒装 但主语为人称代词时除外。 Up went the rocket into the air. Down jumped
2、 the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him. 当警察把手枪瞄准那个罪犯时,嘭地一下他就从三楼跳了下去。,Boom went the cannon! 轰隆一声大炮开火了! Bang came another shot!砰!又是一声枪响!,2. 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全倒装。 To the coal mine came some PLA soldiers with orders from the headq
3、uarters to rescue the trapped miners. 比较：Some PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.,3以副词here , there开头的句子,也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。 Here is the letter you have been looking forward to.,4. not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way,
4、 never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。 No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨。 Seldom do I go to work by bus. Never shall I give up!,5. only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。 Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。 Only after he had spoken out th
5、e word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。,6. so / such.that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。 So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。 To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那
6、两个演员都走出去了。,强调句型 一、基本结构 “It is / was+被强调部分+ that / who” 被强调部分放在that之前，其它部分在that之后。当强调主语时that / who后的谓语动词与主语的人称和数保持一致。 1) It is he who / that often helps me with my English. 2) It is trees that we plant on the hillside every year.,3) It is on the hillside that we plant trees every year. 4) It is every
7、 year that we plant trees on the hillside. 在强调句中，去掉It is / was. that / who后结构仍然完整，句意仍然明确,二、 对not. until. 的强调 It was not until 1920 _ regular radio broadcasts began. A. while B. which C. that D. since It was not _ she took off her dark glasses I realized she was a famous film star. when; that B. unti
8、l; that C. until; when D. when; then,三、强调句的一般疑问句结构 Was it during the Second World War _he died? A. that B. while C. in which D. then Was it in the war that he lost his son? Was it you that / who are helping the old man?,三、强调句的特殊疑问句结构 “疑问词+is / was it that.? ” 1) When was it that the hospital opened?
9、 2) Who was it that invented the computer? 3) Why was it that you did not agree with what he said?,部分否定 一、 all 的否定式：not all（或：allnot）表示“并非都“、“不是所有的都“ e.g. Not all men can be masters. = All men cannot be masters. 并非人人都能当头头。 Not all bamboo grows tall. 并非所有的竹子都会长得很高。,二、 both 的否定式：notboth (或：both not) “
10、并非两个都“ e.g. I dont want both the books. 我不是两本书都要。 Both (the) windows are not open. 两扇窗子并不都开着。,三、 every的否定式：“不是每都“ 例如： Not every book is educative. =Every book is not educative. 不是每本书都有教育意义的。 Not everyone likes this book. 并非人人都喜欢这本书。 This flower is not seen everywhere. 这花并不是随处可见的。,四、 always的否定式：“并非总是
11、（并非一直）“ e.g. He is not always so sad. 他并不是一直都这样悲伤。,五、 entirely, altogether, completely 和quite 的否定式：“不完全“，“并非完全“ 例如： The businessman is never to be entirely trusted. 不可以完全信任商人。 He felt not altogether satisfied. 他并不完全满意。 I dont agree completely. 我并不完全同意。 What he did was not quite proper. 他做的不十分妥当。,六、 all the time 的否定式：“并非一直“、“未必老是“ e.g. A foolish man does not make a mistake all the time. 笨人未必老是犯错误。,全部否定 No one/nobody/nothing/none of. e.g. None of the students passed the exam.,
