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1、从 句,英语四级语法讲解,从 句 根据英语从句在句子中的作用，从句可分为三类： 名词性从句 Nominal Clauses 形容词性从句 Adjectival Clauses 副词性从句 Adverbial Clauses,名词性从句,Including: 主语从句 Subject Clause 宾语从句 Object Clause 表语从句 Predicative Clause 同位语从句Appositive Clause,形容词性从句,Restrictive 限制性定语从句 Non-restrictive 非限制性定语从句,Attributive Clause 定语从句,1 of Time
2、 （时间） 2 of Place（地点） 3 of Cause（原因） 4 of Result（结果） 5 of Purpose（目的） 6of Condition（条件） 7 of Concession（让步） 8 of Manner（方式） 9 of Comparison（比较） 10 of Analogy（类比）,副词性从句 Adverbial Clause状语从句,从句类型的判定： 看从句在整个句子中处在什么位置上、作什么句子成分。 通常位于句子开头的从句是主语从句；动词后面的从句是宾语从句；系动词后面的从句是表语从句；名词后面的从句只能是同位语从句或定语从句；其它情况则都是状语从句。
3、,主语从句引导词 从属连词: that, whether 连接代词: what, which, who, whom 连接副词: when, where, why, how,1 That he is always ready to help others is known to all. 2 In some countries, _ is called “equality” doesnt really mean equal right for equal people. A which B what C that D one,B,宾语从句引导词： 属连词: that, whether, if 连
4、接代词: what, which, who, whom (词尾加-ever加强语气) 连接副词: when, where, why, how,表语从句引导词： 从属连词: that, whether, if 连接代词: what, which, who, whom 连接副词: when, where, why, how,The question is whether we shall stay or not. / how we can get there. / whom he is looking for. / who he is. The reason is (that) he is ill
5、. Thats what they did. / why I didnt come.,同位语从句引导词： 从属连词: that, whether 连接副词: when, where, why, how that: 无意义,不做成分,但不能 省略.,同位语从句所修饰的名词被称为先行词. 常见先行词有： idea, fact, news, hope, belief, thought, doubt, question, sign, suspect, 以及表示“建议、命令、请求”的词 (后者句中要用虚拟语气).,The question whether it is right or wrong dep
6、ends on the results. There was the question where we were to go. / what we were to do. / when we were to start. / how we could get there. / why we should help them.,定语从句引导词： 关系代词: who, whom, whose that, which, as 关系副词: when, where, why = 介词+关系代词 ,1 定语从句引导词在句中 起三个作用: 引导和连接主、从句 在从句中作某种成分 替代先行词 （因此从句中不
7、能再有先行词或其代词）,that, which: 先行词为事、物, 在句中可作主语、宾语； who, whom: 先行词为人, 在句中可作主语、宾语； whose: 先行词为人、事、物, 在句中作定语；,as: 先行词被 the same, such修饰或先行词本身就是 the same, such; 引导非限定性定语从句, 代替整个句子, 在从句中作主语或宾语.,It wasnt such a good dinner as she had promised us. As is well known, Rome is not built in a day. As we all know, Ro
8、me is not built in a day., This is the city _. A I like to visit it most B I like to visit most C I most like to visit D I most like to visit it,B, Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, _ overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women. A whose B which C that D what,A, T
9、he hours _ the children spend in their one-way relationship with TV people undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people. A when B on which C that D in which,C,2 只用which引导定语从句的情况: 引导非限定性定语从句; 在介词后面; 句中已有连词that为避免重复； He told me that the radio which he had bought was defective.,3 只用that
10、引导定语从句的情况: 先行词既包括人又包括物; 先行词前有不定代词修饰或本身为指物不定代词or复合不定代词时; 先行词前有表示唯一概念的词修饰; 先行词被序数词、adj.最高级修饰; 先行词本身为疑问pron.时；or句中有疑问代词； 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,多用that ;, He talked loudly of the men and the books that attracted him. You can take any seat that is free. All that glitters is not gold. There is little / nothing th
11、at I can do. Nothing is difficult for one who sets his mind to it., He is the only person that is reliable. These are the very points that interest me. The first step that we are to take is very difficult. She has become one of the best actresses that appear on Chinese screens., Who that have studie
12、d with him do not admire him? Who is the man that you were talking to when I saw you yesterday? She is not the girl that she was three years ago. Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.,介词+关系代词 不定pron. / 数词 + 介词 + 关系代词which / whom / whose + n. 介词判定依据： 介词与关系代词 (即先行词)为固定搭配 介词与从句中某一词为固定搭配,This
13、is the room where / in which they lived for ten years. This is the room that / which they lived in for ten years. It is useful to be able to predict the extent to which a price change will affect supply and demand., Agriculture was a step in human progress _ which subsequently there was nothing comp
14、arable until our own machine age. A to B for C in D from,A, I bought a dozen eggs, _ broke when I dropped the box at the door. A six eggs B six eggs of them C six of them D six of which,D, He introduced me to his students, _ offered to go with me as a guide. A one of them B one student C one of whom
15、 D one of which,C, The residents, _ had been damaged by the fire, were given help by the Red Cross. A all of their homes B all their homes C whose all homes D all of whose homes,D, This is the theory _ which his experiment is based. A from B to C on D for,C,时状常见引导词： when, while, until / till, as, before, after, since, whenever, as soon as, once, n.短语： the moment / each time / every time / the distance + clause no soonerthan hardly/ scarcelywhen,考点： 1 when “正在这时” 2 It is a long time before / after 3 It is / was since （完成时） 4 no soonerthan hardly/ scarcel
