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1、宾语补足语 的用法,英语的五个基本结构 S 十 V 主谓结构 S 十 V 十 P 主系表结构 S 十 V 十 O 主谓宾结构 S 十 V 十 O1 十 O2 主谓双宾结构 S 十 V 十 O 十 C 主谓宾补结构 说明： S主语；V谓语；P表语； O宾语；O1间接宾语；O2直接宾语； C宾语补足语,1S 十 V 句式 He runs quickly他跑得快。 2S 十 V 十 P 句式： The story sounds interesting这个故事听起来有趣。 3S 十 V 十 O 句式 They built a house last year他们去年建了一所房子。 4S 十 V 十 O1
2、 十 O2 句式 He offered me his seat / his seat to me他把座位让给我。 5S 十 V 十 O 十 C 句式 They found her happy that day他们发现那天她很高兴。 I found him out我发现他出去了。 They named the boy Charlie他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 I saw him come in and go out我见他进来又出去。 They felt the car moving fast他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 He found the door of study closed to him
3、他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。,一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：,1、名词： We made him our monitor. They thought this good advice. They named their daughter Jenny. 注：常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有： call, name, elect, make, think, appoint, choose, find, consider, keep, wish, feel等。 注：充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词，如： They elected John chairm
4、an of the committee.,2、形容词： You should keep your room clean and tidy. Wed better leave the door open. 注：常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有： believe, think, get, keep, make, find, set, like, wish, see, consider, prove, have, leave, 以及paint, drive, turn, cut 等。,3、现在分词： Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. I c
5、ould feel the cold wind blowing on my face. At this moment she noticed the teacher coming in.,一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：,5、过去分词： He watched the TV set carried out of the room. Last year they had their house rebuilt. When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood.,6此外，副词和介词短语也可以充当宾语补足语，如： When d
6、o you want it back? Why didnt you invite them in? We could hear the children at play outside.,4、动词不定式： Nobody could make him change his mind. Would you like me to come along with you? He believed the earth to be a globe.,一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：,二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：,1、当名词、形容词、副词和介词短语充当宾语补足语时，它们和宾语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关
7、系（或称表语关系），若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。宾语补足语说明宾语的情况、性质、特征、状态、身份或属类等。试比较： We made him our monitor. (He is our monitor.) You should keep your room clean and tidy. (Your room is clean and tidy.) We could hear the children at play outside. (The children are at play outside.),二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：,3、当过去分词充当宾语补足语时，它与宾语之间有着
8、动宾关系，即：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如： I once heard this song sung in Japanese. (This song was once sung in Japanese.) I didnt want the children taken out in such weather. (The children were taken out in such weather.),三、在用现在分词或不定式作宾语补足语的动词中，有些只能用现在分词作宾语补足语；有些只能用不定式作宾语补足语；还有的动词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：,1、只能用现在分词作宾语
9、补足语的动词有：catch, keep, mind, prevent, stop, smell, excuse 等。例如： She caught her son smoking a cigarette. His words started me thinking.,2、只能用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：wish, desire, expect, love, prefer, trust, encourage, let, allow, permit, mean, lead, bring, put, hurry, cause, remind, ask, invite, beg, request, w
10、orry, advise, persuade, call on, tell, order, command, require, make, force, drive, forbid, warn, help, teach, show, assist, report, bear, wait for / think, take, know, judge, consider, suppose, believe, allow, prove, declare等。,3、既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, notice, look at, observe, listen t
11、o, hear, feel, have, imagine, discover, like, want, understand, hate, get, set, leave等。,四、使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号 to 的取舍问题：,1、在hear, listen to, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, observe 等动词后的不定式需省去 to 。 2、feel 一词，跟 to be 型不定式带 to；跟 to do 型不定式不带 to。 3、help 一词后的不定式，可带 to，也可以不带 to。,（请参见“动词不定式”一节）,五、在复合宾语
12、中，宾语通常为名词或代词，但有时也可以用不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或that从句来充当。这时，应使用先行it代替宾语，而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部，如：,I felt it necessary to speak about our shortcomings. Do you consider it any good trying again? We all thought it a pity that you couldnt join us. 注意：在这种结构中，宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词；常用于这种结构的动词有： feel, find, think, make, take, judge,
13、 consider 等。,Practice,单句改错,The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself understand. We all elected Jason the monitor. The teacher asked us not make so much noise. - What a nice fire you have in your fireplace! - During the winter I like my house warmly and comfortable.,understood,to,w
14、arm,5. Dont leave the water run while you brush your teeth. 6. He pushed the door opening. 7. She looked around and caught a man put his hand into the pocket of a passenger. 8. With a lot of difficult problems settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. 9. When I came in, I found a bo
15、y hide behind the door. 10. It was a pity that the great writer died of his works unfinished.,running,open,putting,to,hidden,with,Tell him _ the window. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut 2. -Theres a hole in your bag. - I know, Im going to have it _. mend B. mending C. mended D.
16、to be mended 3. Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _ by his little sister. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry 4. They would not allow him _ across the enemy line. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going,单项选择,5. I found the door _ when I got home. opened B. close C. unlocking D. open 6. The boy want
