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1、茶文化与茶科学,Associate Professor: DENGHONG,The Culture and Science of Tea,College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science,食品学院 邓红副教授,Contents 中华茶文化,Contents 授课目录,茶树的基本特性与茶树良种,3,Introduction,Of the three major beverages of the world-tea, coffee and cocoa-tea is consumed by the largest number of people
2、. 茶叶是世界三大饮料 （茶，咖啡和可可）中 消费数量最多的。,China is the homeland of teaIt is believed that China had tea-shrubs as early as five to six thousand years ago，and human cultivation of tea plants dates back two thousand yearsTea from China, along with her silk and porcelain, began to be known the world over more th
3、an a thousand years ago and has since always been an important Chinese export 中国是茶叶的故乡，早在五、 六千年前，人类就开始种植茶树。中国瓷器、丝绸和茶早在一千年前就成为重要的出口货物并为世界周知。,Introduction,At present more than forty countries in the world grow tea with Asian countries producing 90% of the worlds total outputAll tea trees in other coun
4、tries have their origin directly or indirectly in China The habit of tea drinking spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not introduced to Europe and America till the 17th and 18th centuriesNow the number of tea drinkers in the world is legion and is still on the increase. 目前世界上有40多个国家有种植茶树，
5、其中亚洲的种植量超过90%。中国喝茶的习惯在6世纪时传到日本，随后又传入欧洲和美洲。,Introduction,The Chinese people, in their drinking of tea, place much significance on the act of “savoring.“ “Savoring tea“ is not only a way to discern good tea from mediocre(平庸)tea, but also how people take delight in their reverie(梦幻) and in tea-drinking
6、 itself. 中国人饮茶， 注重一个“品“字。“品茶“不但是鉴别茶的优劣，也带有神思遐想和领略饮茶情趣之意。,Introduction,Snatching a bit of leisure from a busy schedule, making a kettle of strong tea, securing a serene space, and serving and drinking tea by yourself can help banish fatigue and frustration, improve your thinking ability and inspire y
7、ou with enthusiasm. You may also imbibe it slowly in small sips to appreciate the subtle allure of tea-drinking, until your spirits soar up and up into a sublime(崇高 ) aesthetic realm. 在百忙之中泡上一壶浓茶，择雅静之处，自斟自饮，可以消除疲劳、涤烦益思、振奋精神，也可以细啜慢饮，达到美的享受，使精神世界升华到高尚的艺术境界。,Introduction,Buildings, gardens, ornaments a
8、nd tea sets are the elements that form the ambience for savoring tea. A tranquil, refreshing, comfortable and neat locale is certainly desirable for drinking tea. Chinese gardens are well known in the world and beautiful Chinese landscapes are too numerous to count. 品茶的环境一般由建筑物、园林、摆设、茶具等因素组成。饮茶要求安静、
9、清新、舒适、干净。中国园林世界闻名，山水风景更是不可胜数。,Introduction,Teahouses tucked away in gardens and nestled beside the natural beauty of mountains and rivers are enchanting places of repose for people to rest and recreate themselves. China is a country with a time-honored civilization and a land of ceremony and decorum
10、(礼仪) . Whenever guests visit, it is necessary to make and serve tea to them. Before serving tea, you may ask them for their preferences as to what kind of tea they fancy and serve them the tea in the most appropriate teacups. 利用园林或自然山水间，搭设茶室，让人们小憩，意趣盎然。 中国是文明古国，礼仪之邦，很重礼节。凡来了客人，沏茶、敬茶的礼仪是必不可少的。当有客来访，可
11、征求意见，选用最合来客口味的茶叶和最佳茶具待客。,Introduction,In the course of serving tea, the host should take careful note of how much water is remaining in the cups and in the kettle. Usually, if the tea is made in a teacup, boiling water should be added after half of the cup has been consumed; and thus the cup is kept
12、 filled so that the tea retains the same bouquet and remains pleasantly warm throughout the entire course of tea-drinking. Snacks, sweets and other dishes may be served at tea time to complement the fragrance of the tea and to allay ones hunger. 主人在陪伴客人饮茶时，要注意客人杯、壶中的茶水残留量，一般用茶杯泡茶，如已喝去一半，就要添加开水，随喝随添，
13、使茶水浓度基本保持前后一致，水温适宜。在饮茶时也可适当佐以茶食、糖果、菜肴等，达到调节口味和点心之功效。,Introduction,Introduction,Chinese tea may be classified into five categories according to the different methods by which it is processed 中国的茶叶根据不同的加工处理方法可以分五类。,Introduction,Green tea: Green tea is the variety which keeps the original colour of the
14、 tea leaves without fermentation during processingThis category consists mainly of Longjing tea of Zhejiang Province，Maofeng of Huangshan Mountain in Anhui Province and Biluochun produced in Jiangsu 绿茶：绿茶是未发酵茶，包括浙江龙井，黄山毛尖，江苏碧螺春等。,(2) Black tea: Black tea,known as“red tea”(hong cha)in China,is the ca
15、tegory which is fermented before baking；it is a later variety developed on the basis of the green teaThe best brands of black tea are Qihong of Anhui,Dianhong of YunnanSuhong of Jiangsu,Chuanhong of Sichuan and Huhong of Hunan. 红茶：属于完全发酵的茶。,(3) Wulong tea: This represents a variety half way between
16、the green and the black teas，being made after partial fermentationIt is a specialty from the provinces on Chinas southeast coast：Fujian，Guangdong and Taiwan. 乌龙茶：半发酵茶。主要产于中国东南沿海地区，如福建，广东和台湾。,(4) Compressed tea：This is the kind of tea which is compressed and hardened into a certain shapeIt is good for transport and storage and is mainly supplied to the ethnic minorities living in the border areas of the countryAs compressed tea is black in colour in its commercial form，so
