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1、Learning about Language.重点单词1bar n条；棒；条状物2damage n& vt.损失；损害3frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的frightening adj.令人恐惧的.核心短语1of_no_use没有用2give_out发生，散发(热、光等)；用完；耗尽3refer_to参考；涉及；提到.经典句式Here_are_my_neighbours whose home was destroyed by the earthquake.这就是我的邻居们，他们的家被地震毁掉了。1gas that hot water gives
2、_out(教材P28)热水散发出的气体give out发出(气味、热等)；分发；用尽；公布写出下列句中give out的含义I saw a man giving out handbills in the street.分发After a month their food supplies gave out.用尽The results of the examination wont be given out.公布2.damage n& vt.损失；损害Most of the damage was caused by your sister.大部分损失是你造成的。The heavy rain da
3、maged many houses.大雨损坏了许多房子。归纳拓展do/cause damage to对造成损害damage ones health/reputation损害某人的健康/名誉Eating too much meat one time will cause damage to your stomach.一次吃太多的肉会对你的胃造成损害。易混辨析damage/destroydamage一般指部分性的损坏，通过修复还可以恢复功能等destroy指彻底破坏，不可修复，也可以指希望、计划等被打破巧学助记即学即用选用上述单词填空You have destroyed my hopes of h
4、appiness.Smoking seriously damages your health.3It was a frightening night.(教材P28)那是一个令人恐惧的夜晚。frightening adj.令人恐惧的归纳拓展(1)frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的be frightened of (doing) sth害怕(做)某事be frightened to do sth害怕/不敢做某事(2)frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬frighten sb into/out of (doing) sth吓得某人做某事/吓得某人不敢做某事frighten sb/sth
5、away/off把吓走(吓跑)She was frightened to_see (see) a figure in the dark.她在黑暗中看到了人影，心里很害怕。The man frightened the old lady into signing the paper.那个人恐吓那位老太太，使她签了文件。The dog frightened the squirrels away/off.狗把松鼠吓跑了。易混辨析frightening/frightenedfrightening指事物本身具有使人害怕的性质，表示“令人害怕的”frightened指人“感到害怕的”，作定语时，常用于修饰人
6、的表情、声音等一言辨异The news was frightening and they were all frightened.那个消息令人恐惧，他们都吓坏了。定语从句()1The number of people who/that were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.2Then，later that afternoon，another big quake which/that was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.3The army orga
7、nized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.4China is a country that/which has a long history.5Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.6The man (whom/who/that) I have to phone lives in Canada.一、基本概念1在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰、说明的名词或代词叫先行词
8、。2定语从句由关系代词which，that，who，whom，whose，as或关系副词when，where，why引导。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，它在意义上指代先行词，在语法上作定语从句的某个成分。3定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后面。有时出于平衡句子结构的需要，可能不紧跟在先行词后面，而放在更后面的地方。二、关系代词的用法1who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。Here comes the girl who wants to see you.想见你的那个女孩过来了。2whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。Rose is the pe
9、rson (whom/who) you should look after.罗丝是你应该照顾的人。3whose一般指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。whosethen.of which/whom。I know the man whose company produces computers.我认识那个人，他的公司生产电脑。4which指事物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。China is a country which has a long history.中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。5that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。that可以
10、代替who，whom，which，但习惯上常用who，whom指人，用which指物。The woman that spoke to me in the bookstore used to live next door.在书店里跟我说话的那位妇女以前住在隔壁。6as用作关系代词，既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。它常用在the same.as.，such.as.，as.as.，so.as.等结构中，as不能省略，此时为限制性定语从句。另外，as还可引导非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，解释说明整个句子，一般放在主句之前。I want to have such
11、 a computer as he has.我想有一台和他(的电脑)一样的电脑。As we all know，China has a large population.众所周知，中国人口众多。三、定语从句中需注意的事项1只用that不用which的情况(1)当先行词是all，much，anything，something，everything，nothing，little，none等不定代词时。She told me everything that she knew.她把她知道的一切都告诉了我。(2)当先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰，或先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。The firs
12、t place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.在桂林他们参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。(3)先行词被the only，the very，the right，the last等修饰时。This is the very book that I left on the playground last week.这就是上个星期我落在操场上的那本书。(4)先行词既有人又有物时。He talked happily of the things and persons that he remembered studying in the s
13、chool.他高兴地谈论着在这所学校上学时所记得的人和事。(5)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。Which is the true story that he told us?他给我们讲的哪一个故事是真的？(6)当关系代词本身在定语从句中也作表语时。He isnt the boy that he was.他不再是过去的那个男孩了。2关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所代替的名词或代词。昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常感人。【误】The film (that/which) we saw it last night is very
14、 moving.【正】The film (that/which) we saw last night is very moving.3关系代词的省略：在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作动词宾语或介词宾语时(这时介词不能在关系代词前)常可省略。Is that the girl (whom/that/who) you spoke of the other day?那就是你前几天提到的女孩吗？4关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，要根据先行词的单复数决定从句谓语动词的单复数。He is the only one of the students who knows French.(the only one为先行词)他是懂法语的唯一学生。He is one of the students who know French.(students为先行词)他是懂法语的学生之一。
