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1、Period 4 素材附件 AppendixesI. 课文注释Notes to the text1. Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or just cant understand what you are going through? 你是害怕你的朋友会嘲笑你呢？还是只是担心你的朋友不理解你与他/她讨论的事情呢？or 是对等连接词, 在此表示选择关系，作“还是”解，其用法如下：1）表示选择关系“或，或者”，“还是”Which do you like better, oranges or apples?，你更喜欢哪样
2、，是橘子还是苹果？I dont mind whether you go to Tianjin today or tomorrow.你今天去天津还是明天去，我都不介意。其中若or 连接两个主语时，其动词与最接近的主语一致。你或你的兄弟一定要去。You or your brother has to go.Your brother or you have to go.2）用于否定词之后“也不”They never dance or sing. 他们从不跳舞，也不唱歌。3）否则，要不然 Hurry up, or you will be late for school.赶快，否则你上学要迟到了。4）Or
3、 连接的双方为两个相对的意思时，表让步。Money or no money, he made up his mind to carry out his plan.无论有没有钱，他下决心来实行他的计划。or还有如下词组：either.or.或者.或者.，不论还是or else 否则，要不然or rather 说得更确切些或加以更正or so大约，左右whether（.）or not 是不是，是否，无论不go through 在此句中意为“详细讨论”，其用法如下：被正式通过或接受The bill went throught.该法案已正式通过。顺利完成The deal did not go thro
4、ugh.这笔交易未谈成。go through sth.磨穿某物 Ive gone through the elbows of my sweater. 我的毛衣的肘部都磨破了。仔细检查，系统研究I always start the day by going through my mail. 我总是每天一早就仔细查阅我的邮件。详细研讨审核Lets go through the arguments again.我信再研究一下这些论据吧。经历，遭受Shes gone through a bad patch recently.她最近经历了一段困难时期。2. I can well remember tha
5、t there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.我清楚地记得有一段时间，湛蓝的天空，鸟儿的歌声，月光和鲜花从来未能使我处于痴迷状态。其中when （at or on which）是关系副词，用在time, day, month等词之后，意为“在那时，其时”。它引导定语从句在that 引导的宾语从句中充当定语，修饰其前面的先行词a time，并在定语从句中做时间状语。如： Sunday is the d
6、ay when very few people go to work. 星期日是没什么人上班的日子。There are times when I wonder why I do this job. 有时候我也不明白我为什么要做这个工作。其中keep sb. / sth. 在此作“使某人/ 事保持某状态或某地位”解。如：He is in a coma and is being kept alive by a life-support machine.他处于昏迷状态，靠生命维持器活着。来Im sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让您久等了。Extra work kept
7、him at the office.他因有额外的工作，仍留在办公室里。3. Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place for over a year. 现在让我们来读一篇日记，体会一下她在躲藏处逗留一年多之后的感受。某些介词后可跟-ing 形式，充当介词的宾语，其后可带-ing 形式的介词有如：about, after, by, for, instead of, to, without等。I have learnt a lot about gardening from my father.我从我父亲那里学到了很多有关园艺的知识。
8、After changing some money, I went sight-seeing.我换了一些钱后，就去游览。The teacher punished Jimmy for talking in class.老师惩罚了吉米，因为他上课时说话。The hiding place 中的-ing形式做定语，修饰其后的名词place 表用途。相当于 the place for hiding,再如：A walking stick 手仗a dressing room 更衣室building materials建筑材料a waiting room 候车/机室drinking water 饮用水a sw
9、imming pool游泳池II. 文化背景知识Seven ways to be a better friendBeing a friend isnt just something that we do. Its a skill that we can learn and improve upon. Here, seven ways to be a better friend.Number 1 Like yourselfThe first step in having a food relationship with a friend is to have a good relationshi
10、p with yourself. When we genuinely like ourselves, we become more attractive to other people. We have more to offer others because we are not constantly focused on our own image and reputation.We become better friends because we dont cling. We are secure enough to spend time with a friend because we
11、 want to, not because we need to. Number 2 Choose wiselyRelationships among true friends take plenty of time and energy - two resources in limited supply for all of us. Identify the friends with whom you wish to create a closer bond. Its perfectly okay if not all the people you know make the list. T
12、he closeness of your connections is far more important than the length of your guest lists.Number 3 Make the first moveThis is where I have trouble, and I know Im not alone. If you want to improve your relationships, put your fear of rejection aside and start taking more risks. Invite your friends t
13、o lunch. Organize a new playgroup. Invite them over for dinner.Too often, we fail to follow up with our friends. Dont miss out - just make the first phone call. Your friends are just as anxious to get together as you are.Number 4 The Golden RuleTreat your friends as you wish to be treated. Stated an
14、other way: “To have a friend, be a friend.”Focus more on being interested than on being interesting. Be enthusiastic and energetic. Avoid complaining, gossiping, and criticizing.Number 5 Sweat the small stuffMake your friends feel significant by remembering small kindness. Notice her new haircut. Re
15、member to ask about her mother-in-laws surgery. Send flowers or a simple email when you know she needs it most.Number 6 ListenGood listeners are hard to find, here are a few tips. Slow down. Try not to finish your friends sentences. If you catch yourself planning your response while your friend is still talking, gently remind yourself to focus on the speaker. Show her you are listening. Maintain eye contact. Offer nods and murmurs that indicate you understand her point of view. Minimize distractions. Ask questions. Be careful with advice. Assume your friend wants to just vent her frustrations
