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1、2018/12/8,条件句表示主句的条件,分真实条件句 和虚拟条件句 两种。,a. 真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可能实现的, 采用陈述语气。 b. 虚拟条件句 表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。,Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气,一、用法归纳:,虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法,主从 句,构 成,时态,虚拟条件 从句(if ),主 句,与现在事实相反的 假设,与过去事实相反的 假设,If + 主语 + did (be用 were),主语 + would/ should/could/ might +do,If + 主语 + had done,主语 + would/ s
2、hould/could/ might have done,主从 句,构 成,虚拟条件从句(if),主 句,与将来情况相反的 假设,If + 主语 + did If + 主语 +were to do If + 主语 + should do,主语 + would/ should/ could/ might do,时态,二 虚拟语气在条件从句中的应用,1）与现在事实相反 从句谓语： 主句谓语： If I were you, I would go there.,过去时,would, should, could, might +动词原形,注意：在虚拟语气中，只能用were，不能用was.,If I ha
3、d a lot of money I would buy a villa.,三 与将来事实相反 从句谓语： 主句谓语： If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should go to see a film. If he should have time next Sunday, he would go to visit the Great Wall. If I were to be twenty next year, I could take the course.,1）过去时,would, should, could, might +动词原形,2）should + 动词
4、原形,3) were to + 动词原形,四 与过去事实相反 从句谓语： 主句谓语： If he had come earlier, he would have seen her.,had + 动词的过去分词,would, should, could, might + have + 动词的过去分词,If he had driven more carefully, he would not have had the car accident yesterday,Had I had time, I would have gone to see the film.,=If I had had tim
5、e, I would have gone to see the film.,五 在虚拟语气的条件从句中，可以省略if ，但要把状语从句变成一般疑问句语序。,_ today, he would get there on Friday. Was he leaving B. If he leaves C. Were he to leave D. If he is leaving,C,六 有时虚拟语气的条件从句不用if引导，而用but for, without, if only, otherwise等词。 But for your help, I couldnt have made such grea
6、t progress in English. Without air, we couldnt live. 3) If only the weather were fine. 4) I had been there by taxi, otherwise I would have missed the train.,以but for, without开头的句子，谓语动词的形式和if的主句的一致。,主、从句的谓语动词的形式都和if从句相一致。,以If only开头的句子，谓语动词的形式和if从句的一致。,七 有时虚拟条件从句与主句的时间不一致，出现混合虚拟语气结构。,If he had follow
7、ed the doctors advice, he would be well. If I were you I would not have gone to see the film yesterday.,在混合虚拟语气结构中，从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作的时间不一致，这时主、从句谓语动词的形式要根据它们发生的时间进行调整。,She talked about America as if he had been born there. He sings as though he were a singer.,八、由as if或as though引导的状语从句，其谓语动词用过去式或had +
8、动词的过去分词。,1) He appears as though he _ an Italian. A. were B. was C. has been D. be 2) It seems as if he _ there yesterday. A. was B. were C. has been D. had been,A,D,九、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用,(1）* wish + 宾语从句 I wish I were a doctor. I wish I should go abroad next year. 3) I wish I had seen the football match.
9、,与现在事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用过去时。,与将来事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用should, would, could, might + 动词原形。,与过去事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。,(2) * suggest等 + 宾语从句。这类动词有：order, insist, demand, desire, command, propose, request等。 The teacher suggested that our sports meeting (should) be put off till next week. The headmaster ordered that
10、all of the students (should) be here on time. He insisted that we (should) attend the meeting.,在宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形，should可省略。,在 command, order , require ,demand, request, insist, propose, suggest等动词后面的宾语从句，要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用(should) +动词原形 We suggest that we (should) have a meeting. We insisted that
11、 they (should) go with us.,记住：insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气 Insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即 should + do; Insist 表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。 Suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。 Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。,注意：insist, suggest后接的宾语从句不用虚拟语气的情况。,she insisted that she was right. 2) The look on his face suggested that he was unhap
12、py.,当insist的意思是坚持某人自己的观点时，后接的宾语从句不能用虚拟语气。,当suggest的意思是暗示、表明时，后接的宾语从句不能用虚拟语气。,My suggestion is that you (should) visit the farm. His idea is that the students (should) make a plan.,(3）* 句中有suggestion, plan, idea, order, requirement, motion, recommendation, proposal等名词，其后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词用(should) + 动
13、词原形。,虚拟语气用于表语从句，同位语从句中。 名词advice, order, demand, proposal, command, requirement, insistence, suggestion, request等的表语从句和同位语从句要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的构成是(should) +动词原形 We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for our summer vocation.,(4）* 记住下面几个句型：,natural/important/necessary/impossible sur
14、prising/strange/funny/essential It is + that requested/suggested/desired/proposed a pity/a matter of regret/a shame/no wonder,从句的谓语动词用(should) + 动词原形,在主语从句中，谓语动词可以用虚拟语气表示惊奇，不相信，惋惜，理应如此等主观的情感,其谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。 1.It is important that we (should) clean the room every day. (necessary, natural, stran
15、ge, etc. ) 2.It is a pity that you (should) be so careless. (a shame, no wonder, etc.) 3.It is suggested that Miss Liu (should) give a performance at the party.( decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc),2. Its time that we had(或should have) a class.,在Its about/high time that句型中，从句的谓语动词用过去时或should
16、 do sth.,3.I would rather you finished the work today. I would rather you finished the work tomorrow. Id rather you had finished the work yesterday.,在would rather句型中，与过去事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时；与现在、将来事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去时。,1. 错综时间条件句,If you had listened to me, you wouldnt be in such trouble now. If the doctor had come in time, Amy would still be alive. If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.,十 几种特殊情况,十一
