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1、,Part Four Bourgeois Revolutions,A History of Western Civilization,Triumph of Capitalism: First Bourgeois Revolutions,Dutch Revolution English Revolution American Revolution French Revolution,Prelude: The Dutch Revolt, Eighty Years War or the Revolt of the Netherlands (156811648),William I, Prince o
2、f Orange (April 24, 1533July 10, 1584), or simply William of Orange He was the main leader of the Dutch revolt against the Spanish,Territory of the United Provinces c. 1590 (in orange),1607 - Battle of Gibraltar the recently expanded Dutch navy engages a Spanish fleet at Gibraltar,I. English Revolut
3、ion (also called English Civil Wars),Absolute Monarchy,Rule of the House of Stuart,Social and Economic Background 社会经济背景 Manufacture and Commerce 工商业 Manufacturing Putting out system 制造业，分散工场 Agricultural Revolution农业革命 Enclosure , Capitalist Farming 圈地，资本主义农场 Foreign Trade 国际贸易,Social Classes befor
4、e the revolution 社会阶级 1. Merchants 商人 2. Gentlemen and New Gentry 绅士和新贵族 3. Yeomanry (free-holders & copy-holders) 自耕家 4. Nobles贵族,Social and Economic Background,Factory 工厂,Manufacturing制造业,Putting out system 分散工场,Agricultural Revolution 农业革命,Enclosure圈地,Concentrated Farming 农业,Social Classes before
5、 the revolution,1. Merchants 商人 2. Gentlemen and New Gentry 士绅和新 3. Yeomanry (free-holders & copy-holders)自耕农 4. Nobles贵族,Ideological Background 革命前的思想舆论,Renaissance 文艺复兴,Puritanism 清教运动,Thomas More, Shakespeare, Milton, etc.,The Chosen Salvation,Elizabeth I 1558-1603 born Sept. 7, 1533, Greenwich,
6、near London, Eng. died March 24, 1603,Political Crisis be the Revolution 革命形势的形成,Characteristics of English Despotism,Weak Monarch; Parliament; Noble system,The Reign of Stuarts Feudalist Land system, Taxes and financial policy, foreign policy, Religious prosecutions, conflicts between the monarch a
7、nd the bourgeois.,From Civil Wars to the Restoration 从革命到斯图亚特王朝复辟,From Civil Wars to Commonwealth 从两次内战到共和国 Royalists or cavaliers vs roundheads Protectorate 护国政体 Restoration 斯图亚特王朝复辟,Charles I,Oliver Cromwell,Oliver Cromwell,Royalists or cavaliers vs roundheads Levelers Diggers The Lord Protector T
8、he Restoration,Charles II, detail of a painting by Sir Peter Lely, c. 1675,Glorious Revolution,Consequences of Civil Wars,Collapse of Feudal Social Relations Development of Capitalist Economy Change of Landownership Political theories of Bourgeoisie,Glorious Revolution 1688,Establishment of Bourgeoi
9、s Political System Constitutional Monarchy,James II,William of Orange and Marry, Protestant daughter of James II,The Crowning of William and Mary,Bill of Rights,The king could not suspend law. No taxes without the consent of Parliament Freedom of speech in Parliament Right of petition and free of ex
10、cessive fines, bail, or cruel punishment,Anne of England, the last monarch of the Stuart oil on canvas c. 1690,George I, 1714-27 The first of the Hanover 1714;,Robert Walpole, c. 171015 (Sir Robert Walpole )The Whig Leader British statesman (in power 172142), generally regarded as the first British
11、prime minister.,Pitt, William, 1759- 1806, British prime minister (17831801, 180406) The Tory Leader,Significance of English Revolution,The first major political victory of Capitalism Revolution ended in Compromise Revolution in religious disguise, so also called Puritan Revolution,II. American Revo
12、lution,Social and Economic Development of British North American Colonies,Thirteen colonies: north, middle and south; proprietary; autonomous and crown,North: small farmers and manufacturing; Middle: Large scale farming; South: Slave plantation,British North American Colonies,Mayflower,Landing of Ma
13、yflowers immigrants,Origins of People in the British Colonies,Puritans and Pilgrimage Mayflower Compact,Merchants and big landowners Indentured servants Black Slaves,Nation in the making美利尘民族的形成,Benevolent negligence有益忽视 Formation of National market民族市场的形成 Sense of nation民族意识的形成 Conflicts between co
14、lonies and the mother nation殖民地与宗主国的矛盾,The end of 7 years war 1763七年战争结束 Colonial policies of the Great Britain英国殖民政策,Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Townshend Acts,Boston Massacre 1770,波士顿惨案 The First Continental Congress 第一次大陆会议,Boston Tea Party and Intolerable Acts波士顿茶党和不可容忍的法律,Shots heard round the world:
15、 Lexington and Concord, 1775战争的第一枪,Thomas Gage, The governor,Boston Massacre波士顿大屠杀,Boston Tea Party波士顿倾茶案,The Battle of Concord, the first battle of the American Revolution (1775-1783), took place at the North Bridge on April 19, 1775.,Battle of Lexington,Declaration of Independence,Washington cross
16、ing the Delaware,Banker Hill Battle,Siege of Yorktown,A New Nation,Shays Rebellion Federalists and Anti-Federalists 1787 Constitution Convention Bill of Rights,The Map of Continental USA,The Map of Continental USA,Shays Rebellion,Thomas Jefferson,Alexander Hamilton,James Madison,美国宪法之父,Constitutional Convention,Constitutional Conference立宪会议,Constitution美国宪法原件,Principles of Governmental System,Legal Basis of the Political System: Rights of People Federal System Civil G
