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1、第三课时介词和介词短语李仕才感 悟 高 考1.When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _ trees that are over 1，000 years old.(2017天津卷)A.among B.againstC.behind D.below答案A句意：当你开车穿过加利福尼亚的红木森林时，你将会穿梭于超过千年历史的树木之间。be among 位于之间；be against 反对；be behind 在后面；be below在之下。根据句意，故选A。2.Many people who live
2、 along the coast make a living _ fishing industry.(2017北京卷)A.at B.in C.on D.by答案B句意：许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词in，不用by，因为by后面通常接做什么事情来谋生，此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里谋生，用in，故选B。3.That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help._，hes reliable.(2016浙江卷)A.Or else B.In shortC.By the way D.For one t
3、hing答案B句意：那个年轻人是诚实的，合作的，总是当你需要他的时候就帮助你。总之，他是可靠的。or else 否则。in short 总之；by the way 顺便说；for one thing 一方面。 根据句意，答案为B。4.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _ Thomas Edison.(2015江苏卷)A.thanks to B.regardless ofC.aside from D.but for答案D句意：如果没有托马斯爱迪生的话，我们现在所受益的许多东西是不会出现的。thanks to幸亏，
4、由于；regardless of不管，不顾；aside from除了，除以外；but for要不是，如果没有的话。要 点 精 析1.表示方位的at, in, on, to, beside/by和near介词用法示例at一般指在较小的地方I met him at the shop.in一般指在较大的地方，或在某一范围内They arrived in Beijing yesterday.Shandong Province lies in the east of China.on一般指在物体的表面，或相邻并接壤的两个地域The picture is hanging on the wall.Vietn
5、am is on the south of China.to表示某范围外不接壤的两位置Jiangsu Province is to the southeast of Hebei Province. beside /by“在的旁边”She was standing beside her mother.There is a small house by the river.near“接近；靠近”There is a supermarket near my home.2.表示方位的between和among介词用法示例between在两者或每两者之间I sat down between Sue an
6、d Jane.among在三者或三者以上之间The teacher was standing among the students.3.表示方位的across, through, over和past介词用法示例across从的表面穿过He walked across the square to meet us.through从的内部穿过The guide led us through the forest.over从的上面跨过The thief jumped over the fence and fled away.past从的旁边经过She walked past the shop.4.表示
7、时间点的at, in和on介词用法示例at表示在某个时间点、时刻或重大节日at 9：00/at noon/at daybreak/at Christmasin表示在某个较长的时间内，如世纪、朝代或年月；泛指的上午、下午、傍晚in the 21st century/in September/in the morningon表示在具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上on 2nd, September/on the morning of 1st, May5.表示时间段的for和since介词用法示例for“for时间段”意为“多长时间”，表示动作持续的时间长短，一般作完成时、过去时或将来时的时间
8、状语He has lived in the small village for five years.I studied in Peking University for 4 years.since“since时间点”意为“自从(过去某时)以来”，作完成时的时间状语He has worked in this company since graduation.Tom has been doing his homework since 7 oclock.6.表示交通方式的by, in和on介词用法示例by“by名词”表示交通方式时，名词前不加冠词My brother usually goes to
9、 school by bike.in/onin/on后的名词必须有冠词或代词等修饰My father often goes to work in his car/on his bicycle.7.表示“用”的by, in和with介词用法示例by指“靠手段，用方法，凭借”，后可接名词、代词或动名词He made a living by selling newspapers when he was young.in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前All the applicants are required to fill in the form in ink.with多用于表示有形的工具或身体器官
10、的名词前They are busy digging with spades.8.表示“除外”的except, except for和besides介词用法示例except表示“除之外(其他的都)”，其后的宾语是被排除在外的，侧重同类事物的排除All my friends took part in the party except John. except for其后被排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类的His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.besides表示“除之外(其他的也)”，其后的宾语是被包括在内的He has
11、learned German and French besides English.9.其他常考介词的用法(1)against的用法含义示例(表示态度)反对An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.(表示对比)以为背景The skiers red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.(表示方位)倚靠着The girl was leaning against the wall with her a
12、rms folded.(2)beyond的用法含义示例(表示位置)在另一边，在更远处The small village is 20 miles beyond the town.(表示时间)晚于He delayed the matter beyond the fixed time.(表示程度)超出，非所能及To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is beyond expression in words for me.(3)over的用法含义示例(表示方位)越过The airplane flew over the mountai
13、ns and disappeared in the distance.(表示等级或数目)高于，在之上，超过He has got the job because he has the advantage over others of knowing many languages.(表示时间或过程)在期间Im sorry I didnt phone you, but Ive been very busy over the past couple of weeks.(4)to的用法含义示例(表示方向、距离)到，向，去I was on the way to the railway station.(表
14、示时间)直到为止，到He wakes at a quarter to six every morning.(表示比较、比例、参照)与相比，相对于而言I prefer oranges to apples.(表示对象关系)属于，对，给The hospital is attached to the university.达到(某一点或某个限度)Temperatures dropped to 25 degrees below zero.(5)under的用法含义示例在下面，在之下She placed the ladder under the window.在过程中The possibility of employing more staff is still under discussion.(数字、数量、年龄或价格)低于，少于，在以下These toys are not suitable for children under five.受影响Shes been under a lot of pressure at work.(6)with的用法含义示例和一起，和，同，跟Would you like to go shopping with me？(表示同时或同一方向)随着With time going by, the litt
