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1、实际问题解决 Practical Problem Solving (PPS),实际问题解决 Practical Problem Solving,Problems are the seeds for improvement! 问题是改进的种子! Problems are positive opportunities! 问题是预示发展的良好的机遇! If there are no problems, than something is wrong! 如果没有问题，那一定有环节出错了!,Growing 成长,实际问题解决 Practical Problem Solving,Problems are
2、not about blaming people! 问题并不意味着指责!,Problems occur because of failures in the system 出现问题是由于系统中存在缺陷。.,实际问题解决 Practical Problem Solving,What is a problem? 什么是问题？ A problem is defined as a discrepancy between an existing standard or expectation and the actual situation. 所谓问题是指实际情况与现有标准或期望之间的差距。,Stand
3、ard 标准,Actual实际,Discrepancy 差距,TIME 时间,LEVEL 水平,实际问题解决 Practical Problem Solving,1,2,3,4,5,6,Problem Description 问题描述,Problem Definition 问题定义,Locate Point of Cause 确定原因所在,Cause Investigation调查原因,Band/Aid & Long-term Countermeasure 补就及长期对策,Follow-Up & Check 跟踪和检查,Steps of Problem Solving 解决问题的步骤,Gras
4、p the Situation 掌握情况,6,PoC,Problem Description问题描述,1,Problem Definition问题定义,Locate Point of Cause 确定原因所在,2,3,4,5,Direct Cause 直接原因,Cause 原因,Cause 原因,Cause原因,Why?为什么?,Root Cause 根本原因,Countermeasure对策,Follow -Up跟踪,Cause Investigation 调查原因,Basic Cause /Effect Investigation 基本因果关系的调查,5 Why Investigation
5、 to Root Cause 为什么要探究根本原因,实际问题解决 Practical Problem Solving,Problem Description问题描述 - state the problem that is occurring 陈述出现的问题,1,Grasp the Situation 掌握情况,实际问题解决 Practical Problem Solving,Problem Definition - Specifically define the situation 问题定义-针对具体情况对问题进行定义 The Standard 标准 The Deviation 偏差 The
6、Time Period 持续时间,2,Grasp the Situation 掌握情况,实际问题解决 Practical Problem Solving,Locate the Point of Cause确定原因所在 Locate Position of Occurrence (on the vehicle/ part) 找出(车辆/部件上)出现问题的位置 Locate Point of Cause 确定原因所在,3,Grasp the Situation 掌握情况,实际问题解决 Practical Problem Solving,Example 范例,1,Grasp the Situatio
7、n 掌握情况,实际问题解决 Practical Problem Solving,What is happening? 发生了什么？ What should be happening? 应该发生什么？ How long has it been happening? 这种情况持续多久了？,2,Problem Definition 问题定义,Grasp the Situation 掌握情况,实际问题解决 Practical Problem Solving,Locate Point of Cause 确定原因所在,3,Grasp the Situation 掌握情况,实际问题解决 Practical
8、Problem Solving,1,2,3,4,5,6,can see可以看见,can see可以看见,can see可以看见,can see可以看见,can not see可以看见,can not see可以看见,Process 4 is the point of cause! 第4步是原因之所在!,Observation: Go back to 4 观察： 回到4,START 开始,Grasp the Situation 掌握情况,实际问题解决 Practical Problem Solving,4,Five Why Investigation to find the Root Cause
9、 运用5个为什么的调查方法来找出根本原因,Why? 为什么？,Cause Investigation 调查原因,实际问题解决 Practical Problem Solving,5 Whys - Example 5个为什么-范例,Mary, a Group Leader, is walking around the assembly shop and sees some bolts lying on the floor, a safety hazard. John, one of her Team Leaders comes over. Mary作为工段长在总装车间巡视时看到一些螺母散落在地上
10、，这是一个安全隐患。John是她手下的班组长，这时正朝她走了过来。 Mary 揌“Hello John, do you know why these bolts are on the floor?” ”你好，John,你知不知道为什么这些螺母在地上？“ John 揙“Oh, that must have been when the materials guy dropped the boxes. ”哦，那一定是送料工摔落盒子时散落的。“ Mary “Why did he drop the boxes?” “他为什么会摔落盒子？” John 揟”The cart was overloaded.“
11、 ”送料车超载了。“ Mary 揇“Do you know why the cart overloaded?” ”你是否知道送料车为什么超载？“,实际问题解决 Practical Problem Solving,John 揧“Yes, he was bringing three loads at once, because he hadnt picked up抰 the kanban the time before.” ”是的，他一次装了三车的货，因为在此之前他没有拿到看板。“ Mary “Why didnt抰he pick the the kanban the time before?” ”
12、为什么在此之前没拿看板？“ John 揃“Because the Team Member didnt抰 put it in the right place.” “因为班组成员未将看板放在规定的地方。” Mary 揙“Oh, O.K., thanks John, lets抯 talk to the Team Member concerned!” “噢，O.K.，谢谢 John。让我们和有关的班组成员谈一谈!” John 揌“Hi Jim, about the kanban card, why didnt you put it in the correct place?” ”嗨，Jim，关于看板卡
13、，为什么你没有放在规定的地方 ？“ Jim “Because I didnt know where the correct location was! ”因为我不知道哪里是规定的位置。“,实际问题解决 Practical Problem Solving,5 Whys - Example 5个为什么-范例,1. Why did the robot stop? 为什么机器人停工了？ A fuse in the robot has blown. 机器人的保险丝烧断了。 2. Why is the fuse blown? 为什么保险丝被烧断了？ Circuits overloaded. 线路过载。 3
14、. Why did the circuit overload? 为什么线路会过载？ The bearings have damaged one another and locked up. 轴承间相互坏损且卡住了。 4. Why have the bearings damaged on another? 为什么会出现轴承间相互坏损？ There was insufficient lubrication in the bearings. 轴承未得到适度润滑。,Cause Investigation 调查原因,实际问题解决 Practical Problem Solving,5. Why was
15、there insufficient lubrication in the bearings? 为什么轴承未得到适度润滑？ The oil pump on the robot is not circulating sufficient oil. 机器人的油泵未输送足够的润滑油。 6. Why is the pump not circulating sufficient oil? 为什么油泵未输送足够的润滑油？ Pump intake is clogged with metal shavings. 油泵的进油口被金属屑堵塞了。 7. Why is the intake clogged with metal shavings? 为什么油泵的进油口被金属屑堵塞？ No filter on the pump intake. 油泵的进油口未安装过滤器。,How many squares? 几个正方形？,实际问题解决 Practical Problem Solving,5,Implementing a Band-Aid & Countermeasure 实施补救和对策 A Band-Aid is a temporary solution, to contain a problem 补救
