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1、,完全倒装,完全倒装就是把主语和谓语完全颠倒。 1.表示方位或方位的副词或介词短语，如here， there， now， then， up， down， in， away， off， out， in the room， on the wall等，置于句首时，完全倒装。 Be quick！Here comes the bus. 快点，公共汽车来了! For a moment nothing happened. Then came voices all shouting together. 那会儿，什么都没发生，之后大家一起欢呼起来。,Out rushed the children. 孩子们冲出了
2、教室。 注意：上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。 Away they went. 他们走了。 Over it turns！ 它翻过来了。 2.表语连系动词主语 （表语可以是：形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词） Present at the meeting were Professor White， Professor Smith and many other guests. 出席会议的有怀特教授，史密斯教授还有许多其他客人。 3.suchbe主语 Such are the facts； no one can deny them. 这些就是事实，没有人可以否认。,Out rushed
3、 the children. 孩子们冲出了教室。 注意：上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。 Away they went. 他们走了。 Over it turns！ 它翻过来了。 2.表语连系动词主语 （表语可以是：形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词） Present at the meeting were Professor White， Professor Smith and many other guests. 出席会议的有怀特教授，史密斯教授还有许多其他客人。 3.suchbe主语 Such are the facts； no one can deny them. 这些就是事
4、实，没有人可以否认。,部分倒装,部分倒装部分倒装只是把谓语的一部分提到主语前面，即把谓语部分的“助动词/情态动词/be动词”提到主语的前面，谓语的其他部分仍在主语后面。 1.So/Neither/Nor助动词/情态动词/be动词主语（表示前一句中的内容也适合另一人或另一事物）。 Lily cant play table-tennis. Neither can I. 莉莉不会打乒乓球，我也不会。,2.否定副词never， nor， not， hardly， little， seldom， scarcely， rarely等，及表否定意义的介词短语at no time， in no case， u
5、nder/in no circumstances， by no means， on no condition等置于句首时。 Its nice. Never before have I had such a special drink! 太好喝了。我以前从未喝过这么特别的饮料！ Im glad you like it. 我很高兴你喜欢喝。 John talked with me for about an hour yesterday. Never had I heard him talk so much. 约翰昨天和我谈了约一个小时，我从未听过他说那么多话。 By no means should
6、 you lose heart. 你决不应该失去信心。 3.hardlywhen， scarcelywhen， no soonerthan， not onlybut also等引导两个分句时，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不变。 Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry. 他一听到这个消息就哭了。,4.not until“直到才”句型中，not until放在句首，后面的主句倒装。 Not until the teacher came back did he left the classroom. 直到老师回来，他才
7、离开教室。 5.在so/suchthat句型中，若so/such提到句首时。 So difficult did I find it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. 我觉得这个问题太难解决了，所以决定向汤姆征求建议。 Such great progress did he make that he was praised. 他取得了如此大的进步因此受到了表扬。 6.当“only状语（副词、介词短语或从句）”置于句首时。 Only after my friend came was the computer r
8、epaired. 只有在我朋友来了之后，电脑才修好。,7.用于as引导的让步状语从句中 （表语/状语/动词原形as主语）。 Child as he was， he made a living by himself. 尽管他是个孩子，他却得自己谋生。 Try as he would， he might fail again. 尽管他还会试，但可能还会失败。 8.if引导的虚拟条件句中，如果把if省略掉，把从句中的should, were, had提前，构成倒装。 If it should rain tomorrow, we wouldnt go camping. = Should it rain
9、 tomorrow, we wouldnt go camping. 如果明天下雨，我们就不能去露营。 If you had come earlier, you would have seen the famous star. = Had you come earlier, you would have seen the famous star. 如果你早一点来，就能看到那个明星了,强调句型,1.强调句的基本句型是“It is/was被强调的部分that/who其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。 It is only children who make such stupid m
10、istakes. 只有孩子才会犯这样愚蠢的错误。 It was because her mother was ill that she didnt come to school yesterday. 是因为她妈妈病了，她昨天才没来上学的。,3.“It was not until.that.”这个句型强调时间状语。 It was not until the next day that I learned the truth. 直到第二天，我才明白事情的真相。,1.在when， while， whenever， till， as soon as， if， unless， as if， though
11、， as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语有be动词，而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时，从句的主语和be常被省略。 Unless (I am) invited， I wont go to the party. 除非被邀请，否则我是不会去参加那个派对的。 When (you are) working， you must pay attention. 上班时，你必须全神贯注。 Get up early tomorrow， if not (you dont get up early)， you will miss the first bus. 明天早点起床，如果不的话，你会错过早班车。,省略句型,2.不
12、定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to。 (1)用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid， be glad， forget， hope， intend， like， love， mean， prefer， refuse， seem， try， want， wish等的后边。 Whats the matter with Della? 黛拉出什么事了？,Well， her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party， but she still hopes to. 父母不允许黛拉参加晚会，可她仍然希望参加。 Will you join in
13、the game？ 你愿意一起做游戏吗？ Id be glad to. 我很乐意。,(2)如果不定式中含有be， have， have been，通常保留be， have和have been。 Are you a sailor？ 你是海员吗？ No， but I used to be. 不，但我过去是。,主谓一致,1.就近一致原则 (1)由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。 Either you or one of your students is to attend the m
14、eeting that is due tomorrow. 你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天召开的会议。 Not only the nurses but also the doctor is very kind to the patients. 护士和医生都对病人非常和蔼。,注意：如果主语后面带有as well as，as much as，no less than，along with，with，like，rather than，together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等引导的短语时，句中谓语动词的单复数取决于主语的单复数。
15、 Mr.Smith， together with his wife and daughters， is going to visit Beijing this summer. 史密斯先生将在今年夏天和妻子女儿们一起游览北京。 In my opinion， he， rather than you， is to blame. 依我看来是他而不是你该受谴责。,(2)由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox. 文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。,2.意义一致原则 (1)谓语动
16、词为单数的情况 由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，谓语用单数。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. 那个工人兼作家来自武汉。 My old friend and classmate works in Beijing. 我的同班老朋友在北京工作。 Whisky and soda is my favourite drink. 威士忌加苏打是我爱喝的饮料。,作并列主语的单数名词前分别有each， every， no修饰时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。 Each boy and each girl wants to work hard. 每个男孩和女孩都想努力工作。 No teacher and no student likes the film. 老师和学生都不喜欢电影。,非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。 Persuading him to join us se
