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1、2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册,专题十一 主从复合句,【语法讲解】 一、宾语从句 1. 宾语从句的种类 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。,2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册,（1）由that引导的宾语从句 That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中 可以省略。例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (
2、that) he will succeed.,2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册,（2）由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中 充当某个成分。例如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I dont know why the trai
3、n is late. （3）由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是 否”。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him.,2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册,2. 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如： I hear (that) physics isnt easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how
4、I can get to zoo? Please tell me when well have the meeting.,2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册,3. 宾语从句的时态 （1）如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什 麽时态。如： I dont think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? （2）如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时 态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将
5、来时，过去完成时）。 例如：He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.,2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册,He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. （3）如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。 例如： Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
6、 Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.,2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册,二、状语从句 1. 时间状语从句 (1) 时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如： It was raining hard when got to school yesterday. While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang. As he walke
7、d along the lake, he sang happily. He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.,2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册,(2) 在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的 动作或状态。例如： Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York. I will tell him everything when he comes back. He wont believe it until he sees it with his own
8、eyes.,2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册,(3) 在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句 用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性 动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到才”, “在 以前不”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如： The young man read till the light went out. Lets wait until the rain stops. We wont start until Bob comes. Dont get off until the bus stops.,2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复
9、习指导手册,2. 条件状语从句 (1) 条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如： What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? Dont leave the building unless I tell you to. (2) 在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或 状态。例如： Ill help you with your English if am free tomorrow. He wont be late unless he is ill.,2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册,(3) “祈使句 + and (or)+
10、 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件 状语从句的复合句。例如： Hurry up, or youll be late. =If you dont hurry up, youll be late. Study hard and you will pass the exam. =If you study hard, you will pass the exam.,2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册,3. 原因状语从句 (1) 原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。例如： He didnt come to school because he was ill. As
11、it is raining, we shall not go the zoo. Since you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else. (2) because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句 多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和 since语气较弱，,2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册,一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如： -Why arent going there? -Because I dont want to. As h
12、e has no car, he cant get there easily. Since we have no money, we cant buy it. (3) because和so不能同用在一个句子里。,2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册,4. 结果状语从句 (1) 结果状语从句由sothat, suchthat, so that引导。例如： He is so poor that he cant buy a bike for his son. She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her. My pencil fell
13、 under the desk, so that I couldnt see it. (2) sothat语such.that可以互换。例如： 在由so.that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。 其结构是: “.so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。例如： He was so glad that he couldnt say a word. The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people. Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.,2017云南省初中学
14、业水平考试 复习指导手册,5. 比较状语从句 比较状语从句通常由asas, 比较级 + than等连词引导。例如： Tom runs faster than John does. This classroom is as big as that one.,2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册,6. 目的状语从句 (1) 目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that引导。例如： He studies hard so that he could work better in the future. We used the computer in order that w
15、e might save time. (2) so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这 两种从句的办法有两个：1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目 的很明确。例如： Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句) Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句),2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册,7. 让步状语从句 (1) 让步状语从句通常由although,
16、 though等连词引导。例如： Though he is young, he knows a lot. (2) although(though)不能用在同一个句子中。例如： 我们不能说：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out. 应该说：Though it was raining hard, he still went out. 或It was raining hard, but he still went out. 8. 地点状语从句 地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如： Where there is a will, there is a way.,2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册,三、定语从句 1. 定语从句的功用和结构 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放
