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1、 SPE 122934 A Workflow for Integrated Barnett Shale Gas Reservoir Modeling and Simulation C. Du, SPE, X. Zhang, SPE, B. Melton, D. Fullilove, B. Suliman, SPE, S. Gowelly, SPE, D. Grant, SPE, J. Le Calvez, SPE, Schlumberger Copyright 2009, Society of Petroleum Engineers This paper was prepared for pr
2、esentation at the 2009 SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference held in Cartagena, Colombia, 31 May3 June 2009. This paper was selected for presentation by an SPE program committee following review of information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents
3、of the paper have not been reviewed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers and are subject to correction by the author(s). The material does not necessarily reflect any position of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, its officers, or members. Electronic reproduction, distribution, or storage of any p
4、art of this paper without the written consent of the Society of Petroleum Engineers is prohibited. Permission to reproduce in print is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words; illustrations may not be copied. The abstract must contain conspicuous acknowledgment of SPE copyright. Abstrac
5、t The Mississippian Barnett Shale reservoirs have opened a new era for US gas production. Many reservoir characterization efforts have been made and completion practices established to help understand the Barnett Shale reservoirs. The borehole image interpretation, drilling-induced fractures and con
6、ductive/healed fractures, reveals stress regime orientation, fracture morphology and their orientations. The interpreted results guide the design of horizontal wells to control hydraulic fracture directions and intensities. Conventional logs and cores have been used to classify lithofacies and estim
7、ate petrophysical and geomechanical properties for well positioning and reserve calculations. The seismic survey is not only interpreted for structure horizons and faults, but also analyzed for 3D property evaluations such as lithofacies distribution, discrete fracture network, and stress field. On
8、the operation side, longer horizontal wells are drilled and massive multistage, multicluster hydraulic fracturing treatments (HFT) are executed. Various well placement and HFT schemes are performed. The microseismic (MS) has played an important role in understanding the estimation of hydraulic fratu
9、ring stimulated reservoir volume (ESV) and fracture intensities. In spite of this tremendous effort and progress, a systematic methodology appears lacking in the literature to integrate the variety of information and obtain accurate reservoir characterizations. In this paper, we present an integrati
10、on workflow that incorporates seismic interpretations and attributes, borehole image and log interpretations, core analysis, HFT, and microseimic data to construct reservoir models and discrete fracture networks that are then upscaled to dual-porosity reservoir models for numerical simulation. The a
11、pplication of this workflow in field studies has revealed important observations and provided better understanding of the reservoirs. This integration workflow demonstrates an effective methodology for capturing the essential characteristics of Barnett Shale gas reservoirs, and offers a quantitative
12、 means and platform for optimizing shale gas production. Introduction Driven by gas consumption demand and rising oil and gas prices in the past several years, Barnett Shale gas production has gained momentum. The characteristics of the Barnett Shale reservoir can be typically described as extremely
13、 low permeability (100600 nano-Darcys), low porosity (26%), and moderate gas adsorption (gas content 50150 scf/ton). The general Barnett Shale reservoir deposition settings, lithofacies, natural fracture characterization, and production evaluation can be found in Louks et al. (2007), Gale et al. (20
14、07), and Frantz et al. (2005). In order to achieve economical production and enhance productivity, a large number of horizontal wells have been drilled and massive multistage HFT jobs have been performed. Due to the complex nature of the Barnett reservoirs which is vastly different than that of conv
15、entional or other types of unconventional reservoirs, it is difficult to obtain a clear understanding and an accurate description of the reservoir. To quickly acquire knowledge and guide imminent placement (well spacing and pattern) designs, various well spacing pilots (e.g., 500 ft, 1,000 ft, and 1
16、,500 ft, etc.) were drilled and various hydraulic fracturing operation schemes such as “zipper-frac” and “simul-frac” have been invented and tested (Waters et al., 2009). 2 SPE 122934 At the same time, efforts have been made to better describe the reservoirs and improve the economics of the production; for example, most operators acquire seismic surveys to interpret the reservoir structure and stratigraphic surfaces, identify faults and karsts, and recognize faults/karst connectivity amo
