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1、十、名词性从句,语法精讲,考点一 引导名词性从句的连接词,1.连接代词who,whose,whom,what,which及wh-ever等,它们有词义,在从句中作成分。what/whatever指物,作主语、宾语、 定语、表语;who/whoever指人,在从句中作主语、宾语;whom/whomever指人,在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语;which/whichever指人或物,在从句中作定语、主语、宾语。带-ever的连接词意义上有“任何”之意。 What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就这点。 You can buy whatever you need
2、 in the shop. 在这家商店你能买到任何你需要的东西。,特别提示 whoever,whatever,whichever.的作用等同于who,what, which.,但语气加强了。这类词引导名词性从句时,不能用no matter+who/what/which.代替。,2.连接副词when,where,why,how等,它们有词义,在句中作状语。when表时间,why表原因,where表地点,how表方式、程度。 This is why I came here. 这是我来这儿的原因。 I have no idea where he went. 我不知道他去了哪里。 I dont kno
3、w when I will see her again. 我不知道何时才能再见到她。 He showed us his way how he worked out that problem. 他向我们展示了他计算那道题的方法。,3.从属连词that,whether,if,(1)that无词义,在从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用。引导宾语从 句时可省略,引导其他名词性从句时不能省略。 I heard (that) he won the first prize. 我听说他得了一等奖。 My suggestion is that we (should) have a discussion abou
4、t this matter. 我的建议是讨论一下这件事。 She expressed the hope that she would come to China one day.她表达了有一天要来中国的愿望。 (2)whether和if表示“是否”,但在从句中只起连接作用,不作句子成 分。除在宾语从句中常可互换外,主语从句、同位语从句、表语从 句一般由whether连接。 Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是个问题。,4.as if/as though 引导的表语从句,as if/as though 引导的表语从句常跟
5、在be 动词,seem,look,taste, sound,feel,appear 等动词之后。从句可以用陈述语气,也可以用虚拟语气。 The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it. 浓雾覆盖着整座城市。好像把一个巨大的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。,5.because,why 引导的表语从句,because,why 也可引导表语从句,但because 引导的表语从句,主语不能是reason 或cause (该结构常用that 引导)。 常用于以下句型:
6、,China is developing fast.Thats why I think those of my colleagues who deal with China affairs should visit China. 中国在飞速发展,这就是我为什么认为我的那些跟中国打交道的同事应该访问中国。 The reason why he didnt pass the exam was that he was too careless. 他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。,考点二 that,what引导的名词性从句的区别 引导名词性从句时,that没有词义,在从句中不作任何成分。当从句意义完整
7、,不缺任何成分时,往往选用that;而what引导名词性从句时,意为“什么”或“的”,在从句中用来作主语、表语、定语或宾语。 It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.(主语从句) 我从没想到你能成功说服他改变主意。 The reason for her absence is that she has to take care of her sick mother.(表语从句) 她缺席的原因是她得照顾她生病的母亲。 What was most important to
8、her,she told me,was her family.(主语从句; what在从句中作主语) 她告诉我,对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。 As a young man,he doesnt know what it takes to start a shop here.(宾语从句;what在从句中作宾语) 作为一名年轻人,他不知道在这儿开商店需要什么。 China is no longer what she used to be.(表语从句;what在从句中作表语)中国不再是过去的样子了。,考点三 宾语从句的否定转移 主句主语是第一人称,谓语为think,believe,suppose,ex
9、pect, imagine等时,宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否 定式,而从句谓语动词用肯定式。 I dont think he will come by train. 我认为他不会坐火车来。 I dont suppose that we can win the game. 我认为我们赢不了这场比赛。,真题链接,1.Your support is important to our work. you can do helps.(2016北京,单项填空) 2.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be en
10、tirely free from dust.(2016北京,单项填空),答案及剖析: 1.Whatever 考查主语从句。句意:你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你 能做的任何事情都有帮助。分析句子结构可知,“ you can do” 为主语从句,该从句缺少宾语,且表示“任何事情”,故答案为 Whatever(相当于Anything that)。 2.that 考查表语从句。句意:雨季最令人愉快的事情莫过于不受灰尘 的袭扰。“ one can be entirely free from dust”为表语 从句,该从句中不缺少成分,意思完整,故用that 引导该表语从句。,3.The manager
11、put forward a suggestion we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016天津,单项填空) 4.It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(2016江苏,单项填空) 5.The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.(2015四川,单项填空),答案及剖析: 3.that 考查同位语从句。句意:经理提出了一
12、个建议我们应该雇个助手。 要做的工作太多了。分析句子结构可知,“ we should have an assistant” 为同位语从句,说明suggestion 的内容,用that 引导该同位语 从句。that 只起连接作用,不作成分。 4.that 考查主语从句。句意:通常情况下,对于那些心存希望的人,发生任何事 情都是有可能的。本句中it 为形式主语,“ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope”为真正的主语;该从句结构完整,故由 that 引导。 5.why/that 考查宾语从句。句意:这个展览告诉我们(为什么)我们应该做一
13、些 事情来阻止空气污染。分析句子结构可知,“ we should do something to stop air pollution” 为宾语从句,该从句可采用表原因的 why,也可用无实际意义的连接词that。,跟踪训练,.单句语法填空 1.You have to know youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there. 2.I truly believe beauty comes from within. 3.People who visited me used to ask me I could sleep,“
14、Doesnt the sound of the traffic bother you?How can you get used to so much noise?”,答案及剖析: 1.where 考查宾语从句。You have to know 后面是一个宾语从句。句意:如果 你要计划好去那里的最佳方案,你必须知道你要去哪里。故用where引导宾语 从句。 2.that 考查宾语从句。句意:我很相信美丽源自于内心。从句部分不缺少任何 成分,因此用that连接,也可以省略。 3.how 考查宾语从句。句意:拜访过我的人曾问我是如何能睡觉的:“交通的声 音没有打扰到你吗?你是如何适应如此多的噪音的?
15、”分析句子结构可知,所 填词引导ask 的宾语从句,且根据句意可知此处需要表示“如何”之意,故 填how。,4.If you swim in a river or lake,be sure to investigate is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water. 5.We must find out Karl is coming,so we can book a room for him. 6.That is the eagle learned to believe.,答案及
16、剖析: 4.what 考查宾语从句。句意:如果你在河里或湖里游泳,(请)一定查看水面 下有什么。经常有一些石头或树枝藏在水里。分析句子成分、结构可知, investigate 后接一个宾语从句,从句中缺少主语。故用what引导。 5.when 考查宾语从句。句意:我们必须弄明白Karl什么时候来,以便我们能给 他预订房间。find out后面跟宾语从句,由句意可知,空处表示时间,在句中 作状语,因此用when。 6.what 考查表语从句。句意:那就是鹰学会了相信的东西。分析句子结构可 知,所填词引导表语从句并在从句中作动词believe 的宾语,用what。,7.That just goes to show that as a matter of fact when you really love a person you dont care nationality he or she is. 8.I didnt know he was at home instead
