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1、,短 文 改 错,2015-2017全国卷考点分布,五解题策略3步解题法,时态误用,主动语态与被动语态误用,短文改错取材于考生作文在时态上常用一般现在时和一般过去时，有些句子中谓语动词的时态和语态本身没有什么错误，只有立足于上下文才能发下其中的错误。,动词,名词,形容词、副词,冠词,介词,从句引导词,时态语态,主谓一致错误,非谓语动词错误,单复数使用及所有格的错用,混淆形容词、的副词词性,原级、比较级和最高级的误用,错用由现在分词和过去分词转化的形容词,a/an/the 错用及缺失与多余,及物动词后多用了介词,不及物动词后少了介词,搭配中介词的错用,代词,主格和宾格；物主代词；反身代词；不定代
2、词,并列连词,连词的错用，如and和but等,连词的多余，如前面有although，不能再用but,代词类错误,人称是否一致,单复数是否一致,前后指代是否一致,逻辑类错误,Besides，however，therefore,一看 “一致性”：主谓是否一致；指代是否一致； 修饰语与被修饰语是否一致；前后时态是否一致； 单复数是否一致等。 二看 “搭配”：动宾是否搭配；动词与介词是否搭配；介词与名词是否搭配；固定搭配是否正确等。 三看“词法或语法”：冠词the, a, an的误用；非谓语动词的误用；连接词的误用；形容词与副词的误用；时态与语态使用不当；并列连词的误用；名词单复数的误用等。 四看“逻
3、辑”：并列句中的连词、主从复合句中的从属连词是否运用得当。,四 看：,改动以最少为原则， 虚词以添加或删除为原则， 实词以改变词形为原则， 以保持句子原意为原则。,四 原则：,1.核对错误项时，若有一时难以判断的地方，可以参考所改动项是否基本符合118的比例，即多词一题，缺词一题，错词八题。 2. 书写规范，格式正确，减少低级错误。,规范答题,高考真题 评讲 （P138）,(2017全国卷) In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how har
4、d first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！” I was so much nervous that I could
5、 hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.,so once I started the car, my mind goes blank.,Step1. 浏览文章,时态语态,Main idea,The passage mainly talks about the authors _.,ex
6、perience of taking driving lessons.,主要时态,一般过去时,goes 改为went,小明出生于21世纪五月3日，明天是他15岁生日。,Step2. 入手句子,Sentence by sentence,S1. In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons.,eighteen 改为 eighteenth,考点：,表达世纪、生日和日期，常用序数词。,Xiaoming was born on May 3rd in the 21st century, and it
7、 is his fifteenth birthday tomorrow.,数词错误,行文逻辑错误,Step2. 入手句子,Sentence by sentence,S2. I still remember how hard first day was.,first 前加the,S3. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank.,so 改为but/yet,冠词缺失,Step2. 入手句子,Sen
8、tence by sentence,S4. I forgot what he had said to me altogether.,word 改为 words,S5. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！”,Turning 改为 Turn,名词词单复数,动词形式,Step2. 入手句子,Sentence by sentence,S6. I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was lef
9、t.,去掉 much,late 改为later,S7. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car.,代词多余,形容词副词,Step2. 入手句子,Sentence by sentence,S8. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.,suddenly 改为 sudden,on 改为 in,形容词副词误用,介词搭配,Step3. 检查核对,行文是否流畅，合乎逻辑；错误类型及数量是否合适；,高考真题练习（
10、P138）,(2017全国卷)Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earli
11、er and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. Beside, they often get some useful informations from the Internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!,备 考 指 导：,1.多读多听多背诵，培养语感。 2.在写作中，有意识地注意自己容易犯的错误，总结错误类型，加强写作训练，强化正确的语言意识
12、，最终达到正确运用语言的目的。 3.多做高考真题专项限时训练。,Homework,(2017全国卷)When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new mem
13、ber of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.,（P138）,
