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1、,情态动词 modal verbs,can could may might shall should must will would ought to,have to dare (darent) need (neednt) used to,表示推测,不表示推测,modal verbs,1. To talk about ability（能力） 2. To talk about obligation（义务） 3. To talk about certainty（可能性） 4. To talk about permission（允许） 5. To make requests（提出请求） 6. To
2、make suggestions（提出建议） 7. To make offers（提供帮助） 8. To give advice（提出建议）,不表示推测时,注意以下用法：,Note 2,Note 1,Modal verbs,ability,certainty,permission,obligation,make requests,make suggestions,make offers,give advice,能力,义务,肯定性,允许,提出请求,提出建议,提供帮忙,提出意见,情态动词表示能力的用法,1. 情态动词表示能力时，一般用cancould或be able to,注意：be able t
3、o用于表示能力并且可用于各种时态(am/is/are able to; was/were able to; have/has been able to; shall be able to -) ，而can只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。 e.g. We shall be able to finish the work next week.,was / were able to : “设法做成某事”，相当于managed to do sth. ；succeeded in doing sth. e.g. All the people trapped in the burning house w
4、ere able to get out of it.,2. can常指现在，较常用；如果只表示能力时，两者都可用,I can/am able to swim.,3. can 客观上能够； be able to 更侧重于“克服一定困难”“经过一定努力”“有能力”干某事,The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _get out A had to B would C could D was able to,To talk about obligation,ought to/should have to must have
5、 to 能用于各种时态,且有人称和数的变化, dont have to, had to, has to ought to 的否定式为ought not to/oughtnt to,强,情态动词表示义务的用法,might may should ought to will must,强,To talk about uncertainty,情态动词表示可能性的用法,may / might, can / could * might, could 比较委婉, 一般多用于疑问句. * can, may 表达的语言比较随便. * 在以could, might 表示征询对方意见 或表示请求时，回答应相应使用c
6、an, may.,To talk about permission,情态动词表示允许的用法,情态动词表示“许可”的用法,cancould/may/might,过去式could常用于疑问句中，比can更加委婉表示礼貌。回答时，常用原形can或者may，不可再用过去式could/might。,-Can/May/Could I use your pen?,肯定简略回答：-Yes, you can/may. -Yes, please.,否定回答：-No, you mustnt/cant. -Please dont. -No, you may not.,其它情态动词的用法,Shall 和 Should,
7、1). shall用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。,Shall we begin our class?（征求意见）,When shall Mike be able to leave hospital?(请示),2). shall 用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令，警告，允诺，决心或威胁。,1.You shall go with me.(命令),2.You shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺),3.He shall be punished.(威胁),3). 用于条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多
8、用于第三人称中。,“The interest _be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge. may B. should C. must D. shall,D,4) ought to/should,1.表示义务，“应该”，用于各种人称 You should be polite to your teacher. You shouldnt spend so much time playing computer games. 2.表示推测，“想必，估计”的
9、意思 If they start today, they should arrive there in two days. 3.表示与想象的不一样”照说应该” I wonder where Mary is. she should be here now.,4.在某些从句中，表示虚拟语气 He suggested that I (should) go to shanghai tomorrow. He demanded that we (should) solve the problem at once. 5.表示惊讶，忧虑，惋惜等感情色彩 I am surprised he should eat
10、 so little every day.,should = ought to 表示劝告，命令，建议，意为“应该”，而ought to 语气更强,A: Ill start the work tomorrow. B: I think you should start today. C: No, you ought to start at once. (语气更强）,比较： should ought to,比较： must have to,must 必须，侧重说话人的主观看法,have to (有多种时态）侧重于客观上的需要，含有“不得不”的意思have got to,- Must I hand i
11、n my exercises now?,- Yes, you must. (No, you neednt. No, you dont have to.),注意：,mustnt 不应该，不许，禁止,neednt 不必,dont have to,1. will表请求，建议等，不如would委婉,Will /Would you pass me the book? Will he pay for me?,2. will 表示意志，愿望，决心,I will never do that again.,I will give up smoking.,Will 做情态动词,比较：shall will,shal
12、l表达诺言;will表示决心或决定 Dont worry. You shall have the tickets for the games. Liu Mei will go and buy the tickets for the games.,比较： used to would,1.都可以表示过去重复的习惯，used to 含有“过去怎样而现在却不这样了”的意思；而would则单纯表示过去的习惯性动作，常和often, every day等连用。,He would take a walk near the forest in the evening. （现在可能散步也可能不散步了）,He u
13、sed to take a walk near the forest in the evening. （而现在不散步了）,比较：mustnt neednt,mustnt “不准，不许” 语气强烈 neednt “不需要，没必要” 语气缓和 You mustnt miss this football match. Its very important. You neednt watch the game if you dont want to. Must we clean the classroom? Yes, you must. /No, you neednt.,比较：need dare,作为
14、情态动词时，两个词常用于疑问句和否定句；用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式 情态动词时： -Need I help you? -Yes, please. You neednt telephone him now. How dare you talk to the teacher like that? The girl dare not go out alone at night.,用作实义动词时,We need to tell him the news. You dont need to tell him the news. Do the flowers need watering? I didn
15、t dare to tell you the truth. Would you dare to catch the snake with your hand? The boy dares to do anything he likes.,1. She isnt what she used to be. 她跟过去不一样了。 （表示对比，不可用would）,2. There used to be a park. 以前这里有一个公园。 表示过去的状态，只能用 used to，不可用would。,2.不能用would的情况,情态动词 (+动词原形),行为动词,.,need,dare,1.无人称和数的变
16、化;,2.尤其用于：,*否定句及疑问句中;,*在if/whether之后;,*或与hardly, never, no one, nobody连用;,3.常以neednt和darent 的形式出现;,4.dare有其过去时dared.,多用于肯定句; need to do dare to do need to be done need doing,可兼做行为动词的情态动词,Modal Verbs,-Need I help you? -Yes, please.You neednt telephone him now. How dare you talk to the teacher like that? The girl dare not go out alone at night.,Ordinary Verbs
