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1、为了适应公司新战略的发展，保障停车场安保新项目的正常、顺利开展，特制定安保从业人员的业务技能及个人素质的培训计划计划生育翻译描述中国计划生育现状，包括之前的政策和现在的二胎政策计划生育政策是对中国影响最大的公共政策之一，作为我国的一项基本国策,我们可以选择上述理论进行政策分析。首先是人口增长过快的问题提出，从马寅初50年代发表“新人口论”开始进行讨论，由于国家领导人对当时的基本国情判断不明，“新人口论”的观点没有被接受，马寅初先生也受到严厉批判；60年代人口高峰出现后，人口增长太快的问题，开始得到中央领导的重视，实行计划生育作为解决问题的办法和对策，逐渐摆上国家的议事日程。从20世纪70年代初
2、提倡计划生育，到1982年党的十二大将计划生育确定为我国的一项基本国策，全国范围内普遍实行城乡有别的鼓励一胎、严格二胎的生育政策，最终确定并延续至今的生育政策，其后三十年只是对某些方面进行微调。计划生育现行政策一直实行到今天，基本格局未变，还于XX年实施了中华人民共和国人口与计划生育法，这可视作政策上升为国家法律的新阶段。进入21世纪以后，中国已经是世界上人口增长率较低的国家之一。“如今，我国已经出现了严重的少子化，如果一对夫妇只生育一个孩子，年轻的人口结构和人均寿命的快速延长也会造成人口增长，但这种增加不会持续太久，当最老一代死去，421家庭就会从7人剧减至3人，减少57%！”他担心，“少子
3、”、“单子”很可能引起很多问题，“比如中途一个孩子因出现事故、自杀、或是致命性疾病导致夭折的，单亲家庭就变成了丁克家庭。”ThefamilyplanningpolicyisoneofthemostinfluentialpublicpoliciesinChina.Asabasic(转载于:写论文网:计划生育翻译)nationalpolicyofChina,wereallybenefitfromit.ScholarMaYinchuproposedthenewpopulationtheorytostartthediscussioninthetotheleadersmiscarriageofjusti
4、ceofthebasicnationalconditions,thenewpopulationtheorywasnotaccepted.Mr.Mahasalsobeenseverelythe1960safterthepopulationpeaked,thefastpopulationgrowthbegantogettheattentionofthecentralfamilyplanningpolicyasthewayofsolvingtheproblemandcountermeasureshadbeengraduallyputonthenationalagenda.Fromthebeginni
5、ngoftheseventiesofthe20thcentury,thegovernmentstartedtoadvocatefamily,thegovermentdeterminedfamilyplanningasabasicnationalpolicyofourchildwasencouragedinonefamilycommonlynationwideandstrictchildbirthpolicywasputout,whichfinallydeterminedthefamilyplanningpolicy.However,afterenteringthetwenty-firstCen
6、tury,Chinahasbeenoneofthecountrieswithalowpopulationgrowthrateinthearealsootherhidden,ifacoupleonlyhaveonechild,youngpopulationstructureandtheaveragelifeexpectancyoftherapidextensioncanalsocausethepopulationthisincreasewillnotlasttootheoldgenerationdie,familiynumberswillsharplyifachilddiesduetoaccid
7、ent,therearenoonetoprovideforthesomeplacesopentwochildpolicynow.人口及计划生育词汇中英翻译常住人口permanentpopulation流动人口floatingpopulation盲流theunemployedmigrantpeople劳动力laborforce外来工migrantworker临时工seasonalworker人口普查census人口基数populationbase人口稠密denselypopulated人口稀少sparselypopulated人口爆炸populationexplosion人口过剩overpopu
8、lation出生率birthrate死亡率mortalityrate自然增长率naturalgrowthrate人口老化agingofpopulation合法婚龄legalageformarriage结婚高峰marriageboom生育高峰babyboomperiod计划生育familyplanning提倡优生优育,鼓励晚婚晚育advocatehealthypregnancyandscientificnurture,andencouragelatemarriageandpostponedchild-bearing破除重男轻女习俗changeattitudeofviewingsonsasbett
9、erthandaughters多子多福themoresons,themoreblessings男尊女卑Manissuperiortowoman传宗接代carryonthefamilyline养儿防老bringupsonstosupportparentsintheiroldage避孕contraception避孕用品contraceptives人工流产abortion节育birthcontrol产妇lying-inwomen婚前检查premarriagehealthcheckings孕产妇死亡率maternalmortalityrate婴儿死亡率infantmortalityrate节育率con
10、traceptiveprevalencerate总和生育率totalfertilityrate(tfr)平均预期寿命lifeexpectancyatbirth每年人口增加数annualincrementofthepopulation人口基数大largepopulationbase平均年增长数averageannualincrease平均年增长率averageannualgrowthrate城市化urbanization人口流动movementofpopulation流动人口floatingpopulation人口老龄化theagingofpopulation更替水平populationrepl
11、acementlevel社会保障体系socialsecuritysystem农村剩余劳力的转移thetransferofruralsurpluslabors正规的学校教育formalschooleducation1，具体数字说明老龄化的严重以及对社会经济的影响。Whentheonechildpolicywascarriedout30yearsago,itsaidthatafter30yearstheintenseincreasingpopulationwouldbeslowdown,andthenanewpopulationpolicywouldbeneeded.Actually,thepop
12、ulationwaswell-controlledduringthese30years.AccordingtotheNationalBureauofStatistics,thetotalfertilityrateinChinawasinXXandinXX,whichmeanswearefacingseriousbabybust.Atthesametime,theelderlypopulationsurgesquickly.Ittakesmostofthedevelopedcountriesmorethan45yearsfortheproportionoftheirelderlypopulati
13、onsover65increasingfrom7%to14%.IttookFrance130years,85yearsforSweden,about79yearsforAustraliaandtheUS.ThankstotheFamilyPlanningPolicy,ittookChinaonly27yearstocompletethisprocess.By2030,thenumberofpeoplewhoaremorethan60yearsoldwilluptobillion.Ourprocessgoestoofastthatitcausedmanyproblems.Soweneedflex
14、iblepolicytodealwiththebirthofthesecondchild.2，独生子女的弊端，需要放宽二胎政策的必要性。Nowparentsofthefirstgenerationoftheonly-childrenaresteppingintooldage.Chinaisenteringa“4-2-1Family”era,fourseniors,onecouple,andonechild,aperfectInvertedPyramidmodel.Inthisbizarre“4-2-1”pattern,withparentsabove,andtheonlychildbelow,
15、theyounggenerationistrappedinthemiddlelayer,knownas“thegenerationofsandwich”.Besides,oncetheseniorshadanaccident,thechildmaynotbeabletotakecareofthemintime.AndifthechildhadanaccidentsuchasWenchuanEarthquake,itwouldbeatotallossforthewholefamilyandnoonecouldtakecareofthefamilyinstead.Inthenewpolicyinmanyprovinces,thecoupleswhoareboththeonly-childcouldhavetwochildren.Itwasanecessaryamendmenttoreducetheheavyburdensofthefamily.3、旧政策以偏概全，没有照顾到农村劳动力及少数民族保护问题，新政策具体问题具体分析，更加合理和人性化Onechildpolicywasnotsuitableforallsituations,forsomespecialgr
