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1、考点16动词不定式高考频度： 动词不定式定义动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号to+do构成。没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可做主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语,具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。动词不定式仍保留动词的一些特点。形式时态主动被动一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing-完成进行式to have been doing-否定式否定词（not/never）+动词不定式考向一 不定式的作用1. 作主语：不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。It
2、took us two hours to finish the job.（1）其他系动词如look，appear等也可用于此句型。（2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is .to.句型。试比较：It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错）To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对） （3）It is+ adj. of / for sb to do sth结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of，否则用 for。2. 作宾语（1）动词+不定式。He m
3、anaged to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语）（2）动词+疑问词+to，特殊疑问句+不定式相当于名词，作宾语。I dont know what to do next/ how to do it next.不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it 作形式宾语。I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.3. 作宾语补足语（1）动词+宾语+不定式（to do ）。He warned me to
4、be careful.注意：可以用动词不定式作宾补的动词有：ask，tell，order，want，get，would like，like，advise，invite，allow，help，wish，warn，expect，would prefer，encourage。（2）表见解、看法的动词结构可为：动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.The book is believed to be useful.（被动语态）（3）There +不定式。We didnt expec
5、t there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。有些动词需用 as 短语作补语，像regard，think，believe，take，consider。We regard Eric as our best teacher. 我们认为艾瑞克是我们最好的老师。Mary took him as her father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。（4）在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室两
6、厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。They saw the boy fall off the tree.（5）help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。I often help him (to) clean the room.I helped him (to) find his things.1. (2018新课标III卷语法填空)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _70_ (stay)and watch.【参考答案】 【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。此处allow sb to do
7、允许某人做某事，动词不定式作宾补，应该用to stay。2. (2018天津卷单项填空) I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs_.A. taking B. takenC. being taken D. take【参考答案】B3.（2017新课标卷I语法填空）Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and f
8、or several other bodily functions.【参考答案】to process【答案解析】考查不定式。句意：他们被要求加工食物。require表示要求，require sb. to do sth.表示要求某人做某事，被动形式为sb. be required to do sth.(某人被要求做某事)。故填to process。4. 作定语不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。I have a lot of work to do.（动宾关系）He is looking for
9、 a room to live in.（动状关系）He is the first person to think of the idea.（主谓关系）He has got a chance to go abroad.（同位关系）（1）不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动。Do you have anything else to say?（2）如果作定语的不定式是一个短语，则要保留不定式短语中的副词或介词。I need a pen to write with. (I will write with the pen ) 我需要一支钢笔写字。I have a little baby
10、 to look after. (I must look after the little baby ) 我有一个婴儿要照看。5. 作状语作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等，有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语，如in order to，so as to，so. as to，such.as to，enough to，too.to等。（1）作目的状语，just to，only to（仅仅为了），in order to，so as to，so(such). as to.（如此以便）He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。（2）作结果状
11、语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.（3）作原因状语。We were very excited to hear the news.（4）作条件状语。To turn to the left, you could find a post office.6. 作表语不定式可放在be动词后面，构成表语。The question is how to put it into practice.（1）不定式在句中作表语时，对应的谓语动词用单数。（2）当主语是不定式时，表语不能用V-ing形式
12、，可用不定式。To see is to believe. （眼见为实）(Seeing is believing. )1.（2018新课标I卷语法填空） You dont have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit.【参考答案】to see2.(2017新课标卷II短文改错)When summer came（comes）, they will invite their students pick the vegetables！【参考答案】 pick改为to pick3. (2017浙江卷语法填空)Sixteen years earlier
13、(early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 (cook) a meal.【参考答案】to cook 【答案解析】考查动词不定式。一个句子不能出现双重谓语，所以此处要用不定式作目的状语。故填to cook。考向二 不定式的时态和语态1. 不定式的时态（1）现在时：有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。He seems to know this. （2）完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have
14、 caught a cold.（3）进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。He seems to be eating something.（4）完成进行时：表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去。She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.2. 不定式的语态当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，就用被动式。He was seen to enter the hall. 考向三省to 的动词不定式一、使役动词后省略to的情况在let, make, have等使役动词后用作宾语
15、补足语的不定式必须省略to。如：My mother wouldnt let me go to the film. 我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。I dont like milk, but mother made me drink it. 我不喜欢牛奶，可是母亲强迫我喝。注意： 1. 当使役动词用于被动语态时，要补上在主动语态中省略的to(主要是指make，let和have很少用于被动语态)。2. force, oblige等虽然也表示2. force, oblige使，但它们后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须带to。如：He forced me to go with them. 他迫使我同他们一起去。The police obliged him to leave. 警方强迫他离开。二、感官动词后省略to的情况在感觉动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须
