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1、Section A,过去完成时,复习 用现在完成时填空,1.I _ (be) to Beijing many times. 2.Great changes _ (take ) place in Shanghai in the last ten years. 3.The students_ already _ (finish) their homework 4. The students _ (learn) many words since they _ (come) to our school. 5.Tom _ (stay) in Europe for two weeks.,have been
2、,have taken,finished,have learned,has stayed,have,came,现在完成时的构成,主语+ have / has +过去分词+,过去分词的构成：,1. 规则动词的变化：,a) 一般情况下在动词后面加 ed,work - worked,play - played,b) 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，把 y 改 i 再加 ed,study - studied,carry - carried,c) 以重读闭音节结尾的，前面有单个元音字母时，双写辅音字母，再加 ed,stop - stopped,drop - dropped,2. 不规则动词的变化见课本,本
3、课出现的主要动词的过去式和过去分词,get got gotten go went gone leave left left start started started be was/were been take took taken run ran run sleep slept slept oversleep overslept overslept,1. cleaned the room at 5:00,2. closed the window at 5:20,had cleaned the room,closed the window,She had cleaned the room be
4、fore she closed the window.,After she had cleaned room , she closed the window.,1. (first) ate an apple,2. (then) slept,had eaten an apple,slept,She had eaten an apple before she slept.,After she had eaten an apple , she slept.,2. (then) played soccer,1. (first) did his homework,played soccer,had do
5、ne his homework,He had done his homework before he played soccer.,After he had done his homework , he played soccer.,Mary ran back to school because she had left her book in the classroom.,What happened first?,a. Mary ran back to school.,b. Mary left her book in the classroom.,I got home,My little b
6、rother went to bed,By the time I _, my little brother _ to bed.,got home,had gone,I got to school,The teacher came into the classroom,By the time I _, the teacher _ into the classroom.,got to school,had come,By the time I _,The bus left at five to eight.,I got outside at eight.,the bus _already _ .,
7、went out,had,left,by:在之前，不迟于 by noon, by tomorrow, by last week, by 6:00, by the end of到末为止 by the time 到的时候,By the time I got home, By the time I came in, By the time I got to school,By the time she got outside, the bus had already left.,她出去的时候,公共汽车已经开走了.,by the time 意思是 “到的时候”, 相当于 when引导的从句 , 后接过
8、去时 的句子时, 主语的谓语动词用had +过去分词， 也就是过去完成时.,I got home,My little brother went to bed,By the time I got home, my little brother had gone to bed.,弟弟上床睡觉在我回家之前。,I got to school,The teacher came into the classroom,By the time I got to school, the teacher had come into the classroom.,老师进入教室在我到达学校之前。,When / By
9、the time Before/ After,+,过去时态,+,从句,过去完 成时态,主句,the policeman get to the shop,Tom run away,By the time the policeman got to the shop,now,Tom had run away,Liu Mei wake up,the concert be over,By the time Liu Mei woke up, the concert had been over.,now,2011 2012,learn 4000 English words,By the end of,las
10、t year,By the end of last year, I had learned 4000 new words.,The Past Perfect Tense 过去完成时,过去完成时的构成 助动词 had (用于各种人称和数) + 过去分词,2. 过去完成时态的含义: 主要是表示在过去某个时间,或是动作之前 已经发生或完成的动作.也就是： 过去的过去.,过去完成时的判断依据: 1. 由时间状语来判定：一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： 1) by +过去时间点 I had finished reading the book by nine ocloc
11、k last night. 2) by the end of +过去时间点. 如 We had learned over 2000 English words by the end of last term. 3) before +过去时间点 . 如 They had planted 600 trees before last Friday.,2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。,在状语从句中，先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。,When I got to the station, the train had already left.,After he had finished
12、his homework, he went to bed.,first,first,3.常用在宾语从句中: 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： He told me he had already finished his homework. I realized I had left my keys at home. .,4.体现在上下文中 I didnt go to the movies yesterday because I had seen it twi
13、ce.,Work out the rule:,过去完成时的否定形式： 过去完成时的疑问形式： 肯定回答： 否定回答：,主语had nothadnt+ p.p.+其它.,Yes,主语+had.,Had+主语p.p.+其它?,No,主语+had + not.,By the time I got up, my brother already (have) his breakfast. 2.By the time I got to the station , the bus already (leave). 3.When I got to school, I realized I (leave) my
14、 bag at home.,had,had,had,had,left,left,Can you do it?,4. He didnt go to the cinema because he _ (see) the movie twice. 5. By the end of last year, the workers _ (build) three highrises. 6. She _ (work) on the farm for three years before she became a teacher.,had seen,had built,had worked,按要求改写下列句子(
15、5/1) Tom had finished his homework before he watched TV. 否定句： 疑问句： 肯定回答： 否定回答：,Tom hadnt finished his homework before he watched TV.,Had Tom finished his homework before he watched TV?,Yes, he had.,No, he hadnt.,句型转换 (10/1) He had stood up before he cleaned the window. _ he had stood up, he cleaned the window. His father went to Beijing. He arrived home. (用before合并句子) His father_ _ _ Bei
