《教学法12principles》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《教学法12principles（16页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Browns 12 Principles of Language Teaching and Learning,Teaching By Principles,Language Teaching requires connecting THEORY and PRACTICE.,Language Teaching requires connecting THEORY and PRACTICE.,Teaching By Principles,Language Teaching requires connecting THEORY and PRACTICE. There are three types
2、of principles: mental and intellectual Cognitive Emotional Socioaffective language Linguistic,Cognitive Principles,1. Automaticity Students absorb language automatically. Students move toward fluency and “think” about language less/more less as they progress. Application in teaching Dont overwhelm s
3、tudents with language rules balance rules and practice.,Cognitive Principles,2. Meaningful Learning Rote learning has little chance of creating long-term retention. Application in teaching Appeal to students language needs and goals link new knowledge to previous knowledge avoid pitfalls of teaching
4、 for the test,Cognitive Principles,3. Anticipation of Reward Reward = Better/poorer performance Better performance Application in teaching Use verbal praise, encouragement, compliments, enthusiasm remind students of long- term rewards.,Cognitive Principles,4. Intrinsic Motivation The most powerful r
5、ewards are those that are intrinsically motivated within the learner. What is motivation? It is the extent to which you make choices about (a) goals to pursue and (b) the effort you will devote to that pursuit Application in teaching foster feeling of competence and self-determination Limit focus on
6、 gaining an award or avoiding punishment,4. Intrinsic Motivation The most powerful rewards are those that are intrinsically motivated within the learner. What is motivation? It is the extent to which you make choices about (a) goals to pursue and (b) the effort you will devote to that pursuit Applic
7、ation in teaching foster feeling of competence and self-determination Limit focus on gaining an award or avoiding punishment,Cognitive Principles,5. Strategic Investment The methods that learners use to internalize and to perform in the language are as important as methods of the teacher or more so
8、Application in teaching Help students become aware of their own learning preferences and teach them how to be good language learners.,Cognitive Principles,6. Autonomy Successful learners take control of their own language learning with the teacher as a facilitator or guide.,Socioaffective Principles
9、,7. Language Ego Students feel awkward in the learning environment and good teachers compensate. Application in teaching Support your students, choose techniques that challenge but dont overwhelm move from teacher-controlled to student-controlled activities gradually.,Socioaffective Principles,8. Wi
10、llingness to Communicate Students who are self-confident take risks and accomplish more. Application in teaching Encourage both accuracy and risk-taking carefully sequence techniques to ensure learner success.,Socioaffective Principles,9. Language-Culture Connection Successfully learning a language
11、means learning about the culture, too. Application in teaching Discuss cross-cultural differences and respect.,Linguistic Principles,10. Native Language Effect In beginning levels, many errors are caused by native language interference Native language can also facilitate learning. Application in tea
12、ching Point out common L1 interference teach cognates teach students to think directly in the target language.,Linguistic Principles,11. Interlanguage Does John can play? We goed yesterday. As students acquire a language, interlanguage is displayed. Your feedback helps learners move towards target-l
13、anguage accuracy. Application in teaching Point out interlanguage errors Show students that these errors mean their brain is in “language learning mode.”,Linguistic Principles,12. Communicative Competence Being competent in the language means:,12 Principles of Language Teaching,Automaticity Meaningf
14、ul Learning Anticipation of Reward Intrinsic Motivation Strategic Investment Autonomy,Language Ego Willingness to Communicate Language-Culture Connection Native Language Effect Interlanguage Communicative Competence,Automaticity Meaningful Learning Anticipation of Reward Intrinsic Motivation Strategic Investment Autonomy,Language Ego Willingness to Communicate Language-Culture Connection Native Language Effect Interlanguage Communicative Competence,
