《高考易混淆词组辨析28例》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考易混淆词组辨析28例（8页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、1.Humble， Lowly， Meek 谦卑Humble： 主要指对自己或自己的地位、成就等表现得谦卑，自感低卑的。Defeat and failure make people humble.Lowly： 较文雅的用语， 指谦逊， 很少用以形容人。He had a lowly heart.Meek ： 指性情温顺的 屈从他人的行为或意见He is as meek as a lamb.2.Damage： 主要指造成价值，效用，完整性方面的损坏。The water they had thrown over everything to put out the fire damaged the b
2、ooks.Harm ： 强调带来损失，病痛或痛苦。Though he knows clearly that smoking harms his health， he simply cannot give it up.Hurt： 尤其指感情或身体遭受创伤。My little boy fell off a ladder and hurt himself.You hurt my feelings！Injure： 一般常指不公正地对待或冤屈某人，即有意识地侵害别人的权利或毁坏别人的健康、成就等，也可以指外表、健康、安逸等遭受破坏The gas polluted the surroundings and
3、 injured the health of workers and residents of the area.Spoil： 强烈的毁坏 毁灭之意。指不仅造成价值，精力，兴致的损伤，还意味着可能造成某种毁灭或彻底破坏，也有宠坏的意思。John joined the party and spoiled the pleasure of everyone by his impolite behavior.3.Can & Be able to 都可以表示能够。时态角度：can 通常用来表示现在的一般能力。而当表示将来能力时，一般用 will be able to.be able to 还表示要经过一
4、番努力才能做到的事。If I concentrate on the work， Ill be able to work out the problem.Ill be able to speak French in another few months.4.grateful to & grateful for 都表示感谢。grateful to 指 对表示感激，其中的介词 to 表示对象，宾语通常是人或组织团体。grateful for 指 为表示感激，其中的介词 for 表示原因，宾语通常是某一件事。Ill be very grateful to you if you will give me
5、 an early answer.Were grateful for all that youve done to us.介词 to 和 for 可同时与 grateful 连用，to 短语应置于 for 短语之前。They were particularly grateful to us for our timely help.5.exhausted， tired， tiresome 都与疲劳疲倦有关。exhausted： 筋疲力尽的，疲惫不堪的，语气最强。形容人因劳累过度而再无剩余精力或耐力继续做某事。在句中可作表语 状语。当它形容物，如资源等时，意为耗尽。I was too much e
6、xhausted to wake easily when once asleep.tired ：累的 疲倦的，普通用词，泛指由于工作紧张或其他原因导致的疲乏，也可表示 厌倦 不耐烦。常用于短语 be tired of （ doing） sth. 厌倦做某事。Im sure you must be tired after cycling all that distance.When I first got to U.S.A， I was tired of eating such kind of food as hamburger every day.tiresome： 令人厌倦的 讨厌的，描写毫
7、无趣味，易让人生厌的人或事物，也指单调重复的工作使人感到疲劳。The difficulty of abstract statements made my learning very tiresome.6.lonely， lonesomelonely ： 孤单的 寂寞的，更强调指渴望陪伴的孤独感受。A lonely young sailor felt sorry for himself because his girlfriend no longer loved him.He spent many lonely days on the deserted island before that at
8、tractive girl appeared.lonesome ： 无伴的 独居的，通常表达分别或丧偶后的孤寂卑凉，含义较为痛切。The house she had always thought of as overcrowded was lonesome when her children grew up and went out on their own.7.familiar with & familiar to 都表示 熟悉。familiar to介词 to 后接人称名词或代词的宾格形式。This subject is familiar to us.These are the rules
9、 that are familiar to everyone.familiar with介词 with 后接事物名词。They are familiar with English.We are all familiar with the three states of matter.8.Glad & Happy & Pleasedglad 为 高兴的 乐意的，指一时短暂的强烈喜悦，只用于人。只能作表语，不作定语，后接介词 of 短语，不定式或 that 从句。Im glad of your success in the games.happy 为 幸福的 高兴的，隐含一种强烈的满足感，可用于人
10、或事物。它可作定语及表语，后可接介词 about， at， over， with 短语及不定式或 that 从句。The story has a happy end.pleased 为 喜悦的 满足的，指持续时间较长的喜悦，只能用于人。它多作表语，很少被用作定语，它的后面可接介词 at， about， with 短语，不定式或 that 从句。There is nothing to be pleased about.Mother was pleased with my full mark in arithmetic.9.Base & Basis 表示 基础 基地。We camped at th
11、e base of the mountain.Our companys base is in New York ， but we have extended many branches all around the world.base 用来指某物体的具体“基础”或底部的“支柱” 。Whats the basis of your opinion？We are willing to develop economic relations with all countries on the basis of mutual benefits.basis 则用来表示抽象意义上的“基础” ，常用于比喻句。
12、10.fairly， quite， rather 都用来说明形容词和副词的程度。Fairly 相当 还算，是这一组词中语气最轻的一个。Quite 相当 或多或少地 在某种程度上，语气比 fairly 稍强。Rather 相当 有点 颇，语气最强。fairly 只用于修饰褒义的形容词和副词。She is fairly clever.rather 主要用于贬义rather poor/bad/stupid/ugly也可用在某些褒义的形容词和副词前，具有比 fairly 更强烈的褒义。相当于 very： rather good/ well/pretty /clever.若在没有褒贬意义的词前用 fai
13、rly，表示说话人赞同。若用 rather，则表示不赞同。She is fairly tall for her age.She is rather tall for her age.rather 可与 too 及比较级连用，而 fairly 和 quite 则不可。My mother is rather better today.quite 和 rather 还可和动词连用，fairly 则不可和动词连用。This does not quite satisfy me.I dont quite follow you.They rather expected to win the match.I
14、rather like her.quite 和 rather 都可修饰名词，但须放在不定冠词前。Its rather a pity.当名词前有形容词时，quite 和 rather 可放在不定冠词后，也可放在不定冠词前。They had a quite good time. Or quite a good time11.Select & Electselect 指在广泛的范围中进行有斟酌的精选，淘汰的意味较重，其后须跟名词或代词作宾语。Most of the delegates to the conference are selected from advanced workers.It is
15、 difficult to select good materials for middle school students to read.elect 的最普通意思是通过正式手续或投票形式的选举，其后须跟人或职称名词作宾语，亦可跟名词+名词，名词+as 短语，名词+不定式短语的复合结构。We elected him monitor.They elected Jimmy Carter （as） President.They elected him to take part in the competition.12.apply for & apply toapply for 申请 请求。I w
16、ant to apply for the position.apply to 可以表示 敷上 涂上。Apply some medicine to his wound.还可表示 努力 专心，相当于 devoteto.God， I promise I will apply my life to you.13.Gone & lost & missinggone 表示 丢了 没了，含有一去不复返的意味，在句中可作表语和补语，但不能做定语。My fever is gone， but I still have a cough.She looked down at her dress and found her necklace gone.lost 表示 丢失，含有失去后难以回归的意味，在句中可作定语，表语和补语。The parents found the lost child at last.His elder brother was
