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1、高中英语 必修四 Unit 3 A taste of English humour 5仁爱之心对学生 敬畏之心办教育，0431-85898877知识梳理 主谓一致概括起来主要有三种原则，即：语法形式一致；概念一致（语言内容上一致） ；毗邻一致（谓语动词的单复数形式和紧位于其前的主语一致） 。 另外，代词应该在人称、数、性等方面与所指的词保持一致，即指代一致。 一、语法形式一致 1、单数主语、单个动词不定式、动名词短语以及句子作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。复数主语，用 and 或 bothand 连接的动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。 2、由 as well
2、as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, besides, 等引起的结构跟在主语后面，不能看作是并列主语，该主语不受这些词组引导的插入语的影响，主语如是单数，其谓语动词仍然用单数形式。3、有些代词只能指单数可数名词，当它们在句子中作主语时，尽管在意义上是多数，谓语动词仍要用单数形式。这类代词有 either, neither, each, one, the other, another, somebody, someone, something 等。 4、当 and 连结的两个
3、名词是指同一个人或同一件事，and 后的名词前没有冠词，谓语动词应该用单数形式；在 and 后面的名词前有冠词，谓语就用复数形式。 5、当 one of 结构作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 6、由 one and a half + 复数名词作作主语时，谓语动词视名词的单复数形式而定。 7、plenty of, half of, a lot of, lots of 等 + 可数与不可数名词作主语时，不可数名词的谓语只用单数，可数名词的谓语视可数名词的单复数而定。 8、由 more than one (或 more than one + 单数名词 )，many a + 单数名词作主语，谓语动词要
4、用单数形式。 9、如果名词词组中心词是“分数或百分数 + of + 名词”，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于 of后的名词或代词的单、复数形式。 10、定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词一致。 二、概念一致（语言内容上一致） 1、有些集合名词如 crowd, family, team, group, government , class, school, public 等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定。如果它们作为一个集体单位时，动词用单数形式，如就其中的各个成员来说，则谓语用复数形式。 2、有些表示总体意义的名词，形式上是单数，而意义上却是复数，谓语动词要用复数形式，如 pe
5、ople, police, cattle 等。 3、有些名词形式上是复数，而意义上却是单数。如 news, means, works.还有许多以-ics 结尾的学科名称，如 physics, politics 等，它们作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 4、用 and 连接的单数主语，前面有 each, every, many a, no 等修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。复数主语与 each 连用时，应不受 each 的影响，谓语动词仍用复数形式。 5、表示重量、度量、衡量、价值的复数名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数形式。 6、the +形容词作主语时，如主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数形式；如果指
6、的是单个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。 三、毗邻一致（就近原则） 1、由连词 or, neitheror, eitheror, not only also, nor 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数形式按毗邻一致的原则，与贴近它的主语一致。 2、在 there be 的结构中，谓语动词的单复数形式一般也采取就近原则。高中英语 必修四 Unit 3 A taste of English humour 5仁爱之心对学生 敬畏之心办教育，0431-85898877四、代词的指代一致 指代一致是指句中的代词应该在人称、数、性等方面与所指的词保持一致。也是考试中一个常考点。 1、当 everyon
7、e, everybody, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody 等作主语时，相应的代词一般采用单数形式。2、由 neither nor, not only but also, either or, not but, or 等连结的并列主语，其后的附加疑问部分主语用复数代词。 3、当句子的主语是 one, 并要在句子中多次出现时，一般用第三人称单数代词来代替后面将出现的 one 或 ones;当 one 在句子中泛指人时，在反意疑问句中也可用 you 来代替。典题精练-单选：1.About one third of the population in Beijing
8、and Shanghai _ online, but in poorer areas, only three or four percent _ online.A. is;is B. are;are C. are;is D. is;are2.All _ present and all _ going on well, said the teacher.A. is;is B. are;are C. are;is D. is;are3.The city government is planning to build a new factory to deal with rubbish, but w
9、hen and where to startA. hasnt been decided B. havent decided C. isnt being decided D. arent decided4.The league secretary and monitor _asked to make a speech at the meeting held yesterday.A. is B. was C. are D. were5.More than one _ the people heart and soul.A. official has served B. officials have
10、 served C. official has served for D. officials have served for6.The farmer is sleeping under the tree while the cattle_ grass peacefully.A. is eating B. are eating C. has eaten D. have eaten7.-Eric, as well as his friends, _ the tour plan of going for an outing.-So am I. The final examination is co
11、ming.A. is against B. are against C. are for D. is for8.The football team _ having a bath now.A. is B. are C. was D. were9.One and a half weeks _ since I saw you last.A. has past B. have past C. has passed D. passes10.-Each of the students working hard at their lessons _the book.高中英语 必修四 Unit 3 A ta
12、ste of English humour 5仁爱之心对学生 敬畏之心办教育，0431-85898877-So have I.A. is reading B. has read C. read D. reads语法填空M: Do you have any coins with you? W: I dont have any money on me at all. I was in a hurry this morning and 1 (forget) bring my purse with me this morning.M: Oh, no. I was so lucky to get a p
13、arking space so close to the hall. Professor Klauss is giving a speech 2 in a couple of minutes. But I dont have any 3 to put in the parking meter. I cant park my car there 4 money. And the speech 5 (start) in no time. What should we do now? W: Well, we 6 drive over to the supermarket parking lot, I
14、 guess. M: All the way over there? Im not sure thats such a W: With your parking permit, you wouldnt have to pay any money to park there. Its a long walk, 7 you wont need to worry about your car while youre at the speech. M: Right, but if I go over there to park, Ill miss the beginning of the professors speechand Id 8 (real) like to see the whole thing. W: Well, I guess you could just go in without 9 any money in the parking meter. If nobo
