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1、How can we call those black people,Black,African American,黑人牙膏 Darkie,In 1985, an American company bought this toothpaste company and changed its name.,Darlie,disrespectful,African-American Civil Rights Movement,Outline,1. Brief introduction 2. Background information 3. Major events 4. Influence,Wha
2、t is civil rights movement,The civil rights movement was a mass popular movement to secure for African Americans equal access to and opportunities for the basic privileges and rights of U.S. citizenship. The civil rights movement was the largest social movement of the 20th century in the United Stat
3、es. It influenced the modern womens rights movement and the student movement of the 1960s.,Although the roots of the movement go back to the 19th century, it peaked in the 1950s and 1960s. African American men and women, along with whites, organized and led the movement at national and local levels.
4、 They pursued their goals through legal means, negotiations, petitions, and nonviolent protest demonstrations.,2. Historical background,Early in its history, black Africans were brought to America as slaves. They were bought and sold, like animals.,Nearly 100 years after the Emancipation Proclamatio
5、n, African Americans in Southern states still inhabited a starkly unequal world of disenfranchisement, segregation and various forms of oppression, including race-inspired violence. “Jim Crow“ laws (美国针对黑人实施的种族隔离法案) at the local and state levels barred them from classrooms and bathrooms, from theate
6、rs and train cars, from juries and legislatures.,Education,For every $150.000 spent on white children at the “white schools“ only $50.000 was spent on African American children at the “black schools.“ The parents of the African American children thought that their school was not treated as fairly be
7、cause they were colored. They did not have the most current textbooks, not enough school supplies, and overcrowded classrooms.,“Black elementary school“ “White elementary school“,3. Major events,Brown Decision-Separation Is Inherently IllegalThe 1954 U.S. Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Edu
8、cation of Topeka, Kansas ushered in a new era in the struggle for civil rights. This landmark decision outlawed racial segregation in public schools.,1954,On December 1, 1955 Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat for a white passenger. arrested demand a more humane bus transportation system lasted
9、for more than a year,1955,Sit-ins In February 1960, four African American students sat down at a segregated lunch counter in a local store in Greensboro, North Carolina. They refused to leave until they were served.,1960,1961,In the spring of 1961, civil rights activists volunteered as “Freedom Ride
10、rs” to ride buses into segregated terminals throughout the South. In May busloads of Freedom Riders were attacked by mobs in the Alabama cities of Anniston and Birmingham.,1963,The March on Washington was organized by a group of civil rights, labor, and religious organizations under the theme “jobs,
11、 and freedom.“ Estimates of the number of participants varied from 200,000 (police) to over 300,000 (leaders of the march). About 80% of the marchers were African Americans and the rest were white and other ethnic groups. The march began at the Washington Monument and ended at the Lincoln Memorial w
12、ith a program of music and speakers.,1964,Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivered “I Have a Dream“ speech to hundreds of thousands at the March on Washington.,I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the co
13、ntent of their character. I have a dream today,Meaningful civil rights laws A massive federal works program Full and fair employment Decent housing The right to vote Adequate integrated education,six official goals:,Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr eventually became the leader of the Civil Rights Movement
14、.,1964,Congress passed Civil Rights Act declaring discrimination based on race illegal after 75-day long argument.,1965,The passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 helped pave the way for more African Americans to vote. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 also helped other minorities. It set aside a New
15、York state law requiring voters to be able to read English, enabling such groups as Puerto Ricans and Mexican Americans to vote.,Edward Brooke, elected first black U.S. senator in 85 years.,1966,1968,On April 4, 1968 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., was assassinated by a sniper as he stood on the balcon
16、y of his hotel room in Memphis, TN. He was there to support the African American sanitation workers. He was planning a national poor peoples campaign to promote economic gains for African Americans and poor people.,Later Development,1973 - Maynard Jackson ,first black elected mayor of a major Southern U.S. city. 1975 - Voting Rights Act extended. 1988 - Congress passes Civil Rights Restoration Act over President Reagans veto. 1989 - L. Douglas Wilder (Virginia) becomes first black elected governor.,
