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1、The predicative clause,表语从句,杨锋 2012年5月3日,Find all the examples where noun clauses are used as predictive.,Thats why weve given you the letter. It wasnt because I had no patience to listen to him, but because it was still very painful for me to think about my dear grandma who died five years ago.,表语从
2、句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从 句，放在系动词之后， 一般结构是“主语+ 系动词+表语从句”。 可以接表语从句的系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that通常不可省略。 另外, 常用的还有“the reason (why) is that ” 和“It is because ”等结构。 例如：,1). The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. 2). This is why we cant get the support of the people.
3、3). But the fact remains that we arebehind the other classes. 4). The reason he is late for school is that he missed the bus.,谓语动词-连系动词,第二类：“连系动词”，也叫“系动词”，顾名思义，它是起着连接和联系的作用的，将主语和后面的部分（表语/主语补语）连系在一起。在句中，它表征的是“状态”这个概念范畴，没有明显的动作意义。连系动词也可以直接单独作谓语。例如： The boss is in his office. 老板在他的办公室里面。（主系表） Her voice
4、 sounds wonderful. 她的声音听起来很美妙。（主系表） 在这两句话中，“is” 和 “sound” 都是连系动词，分别表示“是”和“听起来”的意思。前一句表明了老板现在的位置状态，后一句表明了她的声音的质量状态。,谓语动词-连系动词,系动词可以归纳，常见的系动词有三种类型： 其一，be动词，基本包括五个：am, is, are, was, were. 其二，感官动词，即表示感觉的一些动词，一般可以翻译成“起来”，这些词大概有：look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem, appear; 分别表示：“看起来”、“听起来”、“闻起来”、“尝起来”、“
5、摸起来/感觉起来”、“感觉似乎”、“显得似乎”。 其三，表示“变与不变”类的词，这些词大概有：变得：become, get, turn, grow; 保持：keep, hold, stay, stand; 仍然：remain. 这样加起来，常见的连系动词就有二十一个了。,1. that 引导的表语从句：that 仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不能省略。这种从句往往对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。其基本结构为“主语+连系动词+that从句” 。The trouble is that she has lost his address.The result is that man
6、y of them become fat.The reason why I didnt attend the conference was that I was too busy.Why we decided to put off the football match is that the weather was too bad.,2. wh- 引导的表语从句：(1) whether 引导的表语从句：连接词whether起连接作用，意为“是否，究竟，到底”（注意：if 不能引导表语从句），在句中不作任何成分。The question is whether that man will turn
7、 up in time.问题是那个人是否会及时出现。The question is whether it is worth doing. 问题是它是否值得一做。,2. wh- 引导的表语从句：(2) 连接代词引导的表语从句：连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose等除了在句中起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等，且各有各的词义。The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. 问题是谁才真正适合这份艰苦的工作。Tom is no longer what he used to be. 汤姆不再是以前的汤
8、姆了。 That is what he is worried about. 那就是他所担心的。,2. wh- 引导的表语从句：(3) 连接副词引导的表语从句：连接副词when, where, how, why等除了在句中起连接作用外，还在从句中充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。That is where I cant agree with you. 那就是我不能同意你的地方。This is how she did it. 她是这样做的。 That is why he was late. 那就是他迟到的原因。,3. 其他连词（词组）引导的表语从句：(1) because引导的表语从句
9、：because引导表语从句通常用于“This/That/It is/was because”结构中。(2) as if/though引导的表语从句：常置于感官系动词look, seem, sound等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不大可能存在的动作或状态。I was late for school this morning. Thats because I stayed up too late last night. 我今天早上上学迟到了，因为我昨晚熬夜太晚。The elephant feels as if/though it were a wall. 大象摸起来像一堵墙。,1. 在引导表语从句时
10、，whether不能被if替换。 2. 当主句的主语是表示建议、命令、要求等的名词时，那么表语从句应该用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，should可省略。例如：His suggestion is that we (should) climb all the way to the top of the hill.他的建议是我们一路爬到山顶。,表语从句中要注意的几个问题,3. 在句型 “The reason (why) is that”中，that引导表语从句，此处的that不能换成because；而在句型 “It/This/That is/was because”的表语从
11、句中，because也不能替换成that.The reason why he was so late is that it was raining hard then.他来这么晚是因为那时正下着大雨。Its just because he doesnt know her.这仅仅是因为他不认识她。,表语从句中要注意的几个问题,Id like to start my own business thats _ Id do if I had the money. （陕西2011）A. why B. when C. which D. what,点拨 答案为 D。从句中缺少 do 的宾语，因此用 what
12、。,2. Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything. （山东2011） A. that B. when C. where D. why,点拨 答案为D。根据句意“我觉得与其说他是个实干家，不如说他是个空谈家，这就是为什么他从来不会完成任何事情的原因”可知选 why。,3. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. （北京2010）A. what B. that C. why D. whether,点拨 答案为 B。that 引导表语从句，不在从句中作任何成分，只起连接作用，没有含义。,Thank you,
