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1、声明：本文摘自 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences，即纽约科学院年报，是美国历史最悠久的连续出版的科学期刊，也是全球被引用最多的跨学科期刊。从 1823 年开始，纽约科学院年报定期出版特殊领域的专题文章，包括生物医学、生物学以及心理学、人类学和哲学。为方便广大读者阅读，我们对本文部分内容进行了中文翻译，译文仅供参考，如有不足之处，敬请指正。-本论文由杭州正树保健食品有限公司整理编辑【参考译文】Activity of Maitake D-fraction to Inhibit Carcinogenesis and Metastasis舞茸 D-f
2、raction 抑制细胞癌变和癌细胞转移DISCUSSION 翻译参考讨 论自从 80 年代中期，舞茸强大的抗肿瘤活性已被高度重视并受到了很多研究人员的关注。我已发表过报告：由具有（1,3）支链的 -（1,6 ）-葡聚糖组成的舞茸葡聚糖具有很强的激活细胞免疫活性功能，这个葡聚糖是舞茸比以前研究的其他任何药用菇抗肿瘤活性优越的原因。我还发现了，在舞茸的不同组分中，酸不溶性，碱溶性的热水提取组分，即 D-fraction 是口服给药最有效的组分。在上述实验中，口服 D-fraction 组抑制了 91.3的癌细胞转移。喂食舞茸组也显示出了 81.3%的癌细胞转移抑制率，这表明了舞茸强大的抗癌细胞转
3、移能力。另外，第二个试验结果表明了舞茸预防正常细胞癌变的能力，结果是相当振奋人心的，并提示在当今日常饮食中存在大量致癌物的环境里，舞茸可大大降低了患癌的风险。论文原文Reprinted from Cancer PreventionVolume 768 of the Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesSeptember 30, 1995Activity of Maitake D-fraction to InhibitCarcinogenesis and MetastasisHIROAKI NANBADepartment of Microbial
4、ChemistryKobe Pharmaceutical UniversityKobe 658, JapanI have been involved in research on medicinal properties of edible mushrooms for the last 15 years and have reported that, of all medicinal mushrooms studied, Maitake mushroom (Grifola frondosa) has the strongest antitumor activity in tumor growt
5、h inhibition both when administered orally and intraperitoneally.1-3 In fact, most of the other mushroom extracts are reported ineffective when given orally.4,5 In this report, I have investigated Maitakes activities on the inhibition of carcinogenesis and formation of the secondary focus due to met
6、astasis of tumor cells in lymph and blood.MAITAKED-FRACTIONThe D-fraction of Maitake extract was acquired as follows: Fruit bodies of Maitake were treated with hot water and the water-soluble fraction was saturated to 80% with ethyl alcohol. Then, the precipitate was treated with acetic acid and alk
7、alic material. The obtained acid-insoluble, alkali-soluble fraction was charged on a Sepharose column chromatography. The acquired deproteined fraction is 1,6-beta-glucan carrying 1,3- branched chains, with a molecular weight of about 1,000,000. It has been named Maitake D-fraction and has been used
8、 in this research.DOSE IT STOP THE METASTASIS OF CANCER CELLS?The test was conducted in the following manner: MM-146 liver carcinoma (1 x 10cells) was injected into the left rear footpad of mice and the footpad was cut off after 48 hours. Then, normal feed was given to the control group (A), 20% Mai
9、take powder was given to group B, and 1 mg/kg of D-fraction was intraperitoneally given ten times to group C with normal food. All three groups were bred for another 30 days and the number of tumor foci metastasized in the liver were counted by stereoscope wide field microscopy. It is observed that
10、the metastasis to the liver was prevented by 91.3% by the administration of D-fraction and by 81.3% by the oral administration of Maitake powder (FIGURE 1). The result indicates that tumor cells present in blood and/or lymph were necrotized by the activated cellular immune-competent cells.DOSE IT AL
11、AO PREVENT CARCINOGENESIS IN NORMAL CELLS? A test was also conducted to see if D-fraction can prevent carcinogenesis in normal cells. As a carcinogen, 1 mg of N-nitrosodi-n-butylamine was given in the food three times at 7-day intervals. The control group was bred with normal feed (A), group B was f
12、ed with 20% Maitake powder, and group C was orally administered 1 mg/kg of D-fraction given 30 times. After 60 days, the number of tumors occurring in the liver were counted. The occurrence rates of liver cancer in the D-fraction group (C) and the 20% Maitake-feed group (B) were 9.7% and 22.2%, resp
13、ectively, when the number of tumor cells in control group (A) was set as 100% (FIGURE 2).NANBA: MAITAKE D-FRACTIONDISCUSSIONSince the mid-1980s, Maitakes strong antitumor activity has been paid keen attention and has been focused upon by many researchers.1-3,6-8 I have reported that polysaccharides
14、of Maitake consisting of a beta-l,6-linked glucan with 1,3-branches possess a strong ability to activate cellular immunity, which causes the superior antitumor activity compared to any other medicinal mushrooms studied previously.2,3 I have also announced that, among various fractions of Maitake ext
15、racts, the acid-insoluble, alkali- soluble, hot-water-extractable fraction, D-fraction, is most potent when orally admin-Istered.9In the above test, the cancer metastasis was prevented by 91.3% by the oral administration of D-fraction. The Maitake-fed group also demonstrated an impressive 81.3% prev
16、ention, indicating Maitakes strong ability to inhibit cancer metastasis. Also, the result of the second test indicates its ability to prevent carcinogenesis in normal cells. This is encouraging because the result suggests that Maitake is effective in reducing the cancer occurrence risks substantially in todays environment where plenty of carcinogenic foods exist in our daily diet.REFERENCES1. MORI, K . , T. TOYOMATSU, H . NANBA & H. KURODA. 1986 (July). Antitumor acti
