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1、,Unit 3 The Earth,高频词汇 Earth n. 地球 protect prtekt v. 保护；警戒 provide prvad v. 提供，准备 burn bn v.燃烧 pollute plut v. 污染【n. pollution】 kill kl v. 杀死 must mst aux. 必须 important mpt()nt adj. 重要的 few fju adj. 很少的 / pron. 代词,核心语法 可数名词和不可数名词 There be句型,可数和不可数名词,可数名词 （之前可直接加不定冠词a/an）,变化形式（一般）,可数名词,变化形式（特殊） Man-m
2、en Woman-women Policeman-policemen Policewoman-policewomen Snowman-snowmen Mouse-mice Child-children Foot-feet Tooth-teeth,单复数同形 Fish, deer, sheep, Chinese, news, goods, Japanese,只有复数形式 Trousers, pants, shorts, glasses, scales,形单意复(集体名词) People, police, cattle, staff,不可数名词 （前面不可加不定冠词a/an）,表示很多的不可数名词
3、：数量词+of a piece of bread（ paper(纸), cloth(布), coal(煤), news(新闻), advice(意见), information(信息), , meat(肉) ） two/three/four/ pieces of an item of information 一则情报 a slip of paper 一张纸条 a length of cloth 一段布料 a cake of soap 一块肥皂 a tube of tooth-paste 一条牙膏 a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水,不可数名词,最常见的不可数名词 Advice（建议）,
4、baggage（行李）, change(零钱), furniture（家具）, hair（头发）, homework（回家作业）, information（信息）, knowledge（知识）, luggage（行李）,money（钱）,news（消息）,progress（进步）,traffic（交通）,fun（乐趣）,weather（天气）,music（音乐）,Health（健康）,luck（好运）,water（水）,time（时间）,rain（雨）,truth（真相）,ice（冰）,既可数又不可数,表示数量时是不可数名词，表示种类时是可数名词 chicken，salad, ice crea
5、m, food, fish, fruit,There be 句型,用法,1、主谓一致 1) 当动词be后所接的名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词时，be 应该取单数is；当其后所接的名词是复数的可数名词时，be用复数are。 例如： Theres a man at the door.门口有个人。There is some apple juice in the bottle. 瓶子里有些苹果汁。There are some strangers in the street.大街上有一些陌生人。 2) 如果There be 后面是几个并列名词做主语时，动词be的形式和最靠近它的那个名词保持数的一致。 例
6、如： There is an apple and two oranges on the desk. 桌子上有一个苹果和两个橘子。There are two oranges and an apple on the desk. 桌子上有两个橘子和一个苹果。,用法,2、There be句型中的不同时态 1) There be 句型中动词be可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。 例如： There is no harm in trying.不妨一试。There were fabulous wildflowers in the hills last spring. 去年春天，山中有极美的野花。
7、 There will be a fine day tomorrow. 明天将是一个晴天。 There have been several private schools in our area this year.今年，我们这里已经有好几所私立学校了。 2) There be 句型可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。 例如： There may be a cigarette in that box.那只盒子里或许有支香烟。There must be some cakes on the table.桌子上一定有些蛋糕。 There used to be a hospital there befor
8、e the war.战前，那里曾经有家医院。,用法,3、There be 句型也可以和这样一些的谓语动词连用：be going to 、seem to 、appear to 、used to、be likely to 、happen to . 例如： There seem to be a few trees between me and the green. 在我与草坪之间好像有一些树。 There is gong to be a meeting tonight.今天晚上有个会议。 There is likely to be a storm.可能有一场暴雨。 There happened to
9、 be a bus nearby.碰巧附近有辆公交车。 There appears to have been a nasty accident.似乎发生了一起严重事故,用法,4、there be 结构中除可以用be 外，还可以用其它动词。 例如： There came a scent of lime-blossom.飘来一阵菩提树的花香。 Once upon a time there lived a king in China.从前中国有一个国王。,There be 句型的否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句,否定句 1)Be+ not There isnt (=is not) a bo
10、x in the room. 房间里没有盒子。 There arent (= are not) any pens on the desk.课桌上没有钢笔。 2)be+ no There is no water in the bottle. 瓶子里没有水。 There are no pictures on the wall.墙上没有图画。,There be 句型的否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句,一般疑问句 1) Is there a cake on the table? 桌子上有块蛋糕吗？ Yes，there is. / No，there isnt.是，有。/ 不，没有。 2) Ar
11、e there apples in the desk? 桌子里有苹果吗？ Yes, there are./ No, there arent. 是，有。/ 不，没有。 3) Will there be a party tonight？今晚有聚会吗？ Yes，there will./ No, there wont 是的，有。/ 不，没有。 4) Have there been any letters from your mother lately?近日你妈妈有信来吗？ Yes，there have./ No, there havent.是，有的。/ 不，没有。,There be 句型的否定句、一般
12、疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句,特殊疑问句： How many(可数)/ How much(不可数) 1) How many students are there in your school?你们学校有多少学生？ There are 200 students in my school.我们学校有200名学生。/ There is 1 student in my school. 我们学习只有1名学生。 2) How much money is there in your pocket?你口袋里有多少钱? There is 15 yuan in my pocket.,There be 句型的否定
13、句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句,反义疑问句 There is a cup on the table, isnt there?桌子上有只杯子，是吗？There is some orange in the glass, isnt there?杯子里有桔汁，是吗? There are a lot of letters in the mailbox, arent there?邮筒里有很多信件，是吗？There will be a new hospital nearby, wont there?附近要建一家新医院，是吗?,练习,1. There is an English dictionary
14、on the table. (变复数) There are English dictionaries on the table. 2. There are many people in the street. (一般疑问句) Are there many people in the street? 3. There are a lot of students in the fileds. (一般疑问句) Are there a lot of students in the files? 4. There is an apple on the desk. （特殊疑问句） How many apples on the desk?,重要短语,Stop doing something/ stop to do something Tom stops doing homework. 汤姆停止做作业。 Tom stops to do homework. 汤姆停下手头的活去做作业了。,Stop doing=停止做什么,Stop to do=停止去做,重要短语,Let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事,
