外研社阅读比赛最后一题分析

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1、外研社阅读比赛最后一题分析外研社阅读比赛最后一题分析And as a multitude of laws often only hampers justice, so that a state is best governed when, with few laws, these are rigidly administered; in like manner, instead of the great number of precepts of which logic is composed, I believed that the four following would prove pe

2、rfectly sufficient for me, provided I took the firm and unwavering resolution never in a single instance to fail in observing them.和众多的法律常常只会妨碍正义和众多的法律常常只会妨碍正义,这是最好的治理状态的时候这是最好的治理状态的时候,很少有很少有法律法律,这些都是这些都是 严格管理严格管理;我认为,如果我采取坚定的、毫不动摇的决心,在观察他们的过程中绝不能失败,我认为,如果我采取坚定的、毫不动摇的决心,在观察他们的过程中绝不能失败, 那么,我相信以下四种方法会

3、完全满足我的需要,而不是大量的戒律。那么,我相信以下四种方法会完全满足我的需要,而不是大量的戒律。The first was never to accept anything for true which I did not clearly know to be such; that is to say, carefully to avoid precipitancy and prejudice, and to comprise nothing more in my judgment than what was presented to my mind so clearly and disti

4、nctly as to exclude all ground of doubt.第一个是决不接受任何我不清楚的事实第一个是决不接受任何我不清楚的事实;也就是说,小心地避免轻率和偏见,在我也就是说,小心地避免轻率和偏见,在我的判断中,没有什么比在我的头脑中清晰明确地排除一切怀疑的理由。的判断中,没有什么比在我的头脑中清晰明确地排除一切怀疑的理由。The second, to divide each of the difficulties under examination into as many parts as possible, and as might be necessary for

5、its adequate solution.第二,要把考查的每一个困难都分成尽可能多的部分,并尽可能地解决问题。第二,要把考查的每一个困难都分成尽可能多的部分,并尽可能地解决问题。The third, to conduct my thoughts in such order that, by commencing with objects the simplest and easiest to know, I might ascend by little and little, and, as it were, step by step, to the knowledge of the mor

6、e complex; assigning in thought a certain order even to those objects which in their own nature do not stand in a relation of antecedence and sequence.第三,第三,以一种最简单易行以一种最简单易行的方式来指导我的思想,我可以一点一点地去提升,也可的方式来指导我的思想,我可以一点一点地去提升,也可以一步一步地去了解更复杂的事物以一步一步地去了解更复杂的事物;在思想上赋予了某种秩序,甚至是那些在他们在思想上赋予了某种秩序,甚至是那些在他们自己的本性中

7、不存在着先行和序列关系的事物。自己的本性中不存在着先行和序列关系的事物。(大道至简)大道至简)And the last, in every case to make enumerations so complete, and reviews so general, that I might be assured that nothing was omitted.最后,在每一个案例中,都要让枚举如此完整,如此笼统,以至于我可以确信没有遗最后,在每一个案例中,都要让枚举如此完整,如此笼统,以至于我可以确信没有遗漏任何东西。漏任何东西。The long chains of simple and ea

8、sy reasonings by means of which geometers are accustomed to reach the conclusions of their most difficult demonstrations, had led me to imagine that all things, to the knowledge of which man is competent, are mutually connected in the same way, and that there is nothing so far removed from us as to

9、be beyond our reach, or so hidden that we cannot discover it, provided only we abstain from accepting the false for the true, and always preserve in our thoughts the order necessary for the deduction of one truth from another. And I had little difficulty in determining the objects with which it was

10、necessary to commence, for I was already persuaded that it must be with the simplest and easiest to know, and, considering that of all those who have hitherto sought truth in the sciences, the mathematicians alone have been able to find any demonstrations, that is, any certain and evident reasons, I

11、 did not doubt but that such must have been the rule of their investigations.简单而简单的推理的长链,几何学家习惯于得出他们最难的示威的结论,导致我想简单而简单的推理的长链,几何学家习惯于得出他们最难的示威的结论,导致我想象一切事物,知道哪个人有能力,以相同的方式相互联系并且没有什么远离我们远象一切事物,知道哪个人有能力,以相同的方式相互联系并且没有什么远离我们远离我们的范围,或者隐藏起来,我们无法发现它,只要我们不要接受虚假的真实,离我们的范围,或者隐藏起来,我们无法发现它,只要我们不要接受虚假的真实,并且始终保持我

12、们的想法,必要的秩序从另一个人那里扣除一个真理。而我确定需并且始终保持我们的想法,必要的秩序从另一个人那里扣除一个真理。而我确定需要开始的对象我并没有什么困难,因为我已经被说服了,它必须是最简单和最容易要开始的对象我并没有什么困难,因为我已经被说服了,它必须是最简单和最容易知道的,考虑到迄今为止在科学界寻知道的,考虑到迄今为止在科学界寻求真理的人求真理的人,只有数学家才能够找到任何示威,只有数学家才能够找到任何示威,也就是说,有任何明确的理由,我毫不怀疑,但这样做一定是他们调查的统治者。也就是说,有任何明确的理由,我毫不怀疑,但这样做一定是他们调查的统治者。以以 geometer 几何学几何学

13、而不是冗长的文字总结科学而不是冗长的文字总结科学几何学的意义在哪里?图画?几何学的意义在哪里?图画?总的理论是找真理,解决问题总的理论是找真理,解决问题Solution : geometer,任何复杂的事物都经过科学家以实验,构型的方式,总结出一个公,任何复杂的事物都经过科学家以实验,构型的方式,总结出一个公式,联系万物,式,联系万物,theory(理论),以这种理论),以这种 theory 去解决相关的事情,关键的问题就在于如去解决相关的事情,关键的问题就在于如何总结出一个何总结出一个 theory。比如波粒二象性,比如波粒二象性, 证明波速与光速相等,可以解决很多现象。证明波速与光速相等,可以解决很多现象。用到两个:用到两个:1 定义,定义,2 解决办法解决办法

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