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1、现在完成时讲解现在完成时讲解 一现在完成时结构：S（主语）+ have/has(have/has(单三人称用单三人称用has)has)+p.p.(过去分词)+时间时间状状语语（for+时间段/ since +时间点/since+从句-用过去时）1.他已经到达了北京。2.他还没有到达北京。3.他到达北京了么？4.是的，他到了。/不，他还没到。2P.P.过去分词 1.规则动词的过去式和过去完成时是一致的。规则动词的过去式和过去完成时是一致的。2.不规则动词不规则动词的过去式和过去分词大部分一致，少数要求一一记忆（在过 去式记忆清楚的基础上） 。写出下列单词的过去式和过去分词watch live c
2、hange study carry stay cry prefer drop AAA cut put hit AAB beat ABC fly begin write ABB buy lose dream 2现在完成时的标志 already（已经） ，yet(只用于否定句和疑问句句尾，用在否定句中翻译成“还 没” ，用在疑问句中翻译成“已经”), just(刚刚), ever(曾经),never(绝不，从 不),before(之前),so far(到目前为止),since(自.以来), for+时间段时间段1.我已经刷过牙了。2.我还没吃早饭。3.我刚刚完成了我的家庭作业。4.到目前为止我已经
3、学习 2000 个单词。5.我之前从没去过北京。3for/since since:since: ( (自自以来以来) ) 1)1)since+since+时间点时间点 1. 1.自从下午自从下午 5 5 点以来，他就一直呆在这里。点以来，他就一直呆在这里。2)2)since+since+ 时间段时间段+ + agoago 2. 2.从五个小时以前他就一直呆在这里。从五个小时以前他就一直呆在这里。3)3)since+since+ 从句（从句用过去时）从句（从句用过去时）3. 3.她在这教英语自从她来到这里。她在这教英语自从她来到这里。for+for+时间段时间段 1.）他已经学了五年的英语了。对
4、对 for 或或 since 引导的时间状语提问引导的时间状语提问 必须用必须用 how long, 决不能用决不能用 when. 1).I have lived here for six years.(划线提问)2).He has been in China since he came.（划线提问）4 瞬间动词瞬间动词和延续性动词延续性动词的转化瞬间动词瞬间动词，也叫终止性动词、点动词、非延续性动词、短暂性动词。这类动词所表示的动作在瞬间就可以完成，不能延续下去，即动作从开始到结束所 持续的时间极短。瞬间动词往往表示动作的结果，或表示短暂性、一次性的 动作。 （arrive, leave,
5、borrow, buy, begin, start, die）在完成时当中瞬间动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用（不能和 since, for, how long 连用）延续性动词延续性动词表示能够延续的动作。如：study, work, stand, lie,walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay 等等。 那如果非要与表示时间段的时间状语连用怎么办？把瞬间动词转换成延续性动词。1.这支钢笔我已经买了五年了。2.Tom 的爷爷已经过世 5 年了。3.这场电影已经开始了 5 分钟。但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段
6、连用。 1）我买这辆自行车还不到一年。5have been to /have gone to /have been in 的问题have been to -曾经去过某地，但是现在不在那里了。常和just，ever，never 搭配。A B 说话时人在 A 点 I have been to Beijing.have gone to - 到某地去了，不在 A 点，到没到 B 不知道，可能到了，可能在途中，反正不在 A 点A B -Where is your father? -He has gone to Shanghai. have been in -在某地带了一段时间，后面加时间段B Mr.Ch
7、en has been in Suzhou for three months. 陈先生在苏州呆了三个月了。但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。1.）我买这辆自行车还不到一年。Exercise: I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week. 2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father _ just _ (come) back fro
8、m work. He is tired now. 4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999. 6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks. 8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every
9、day. 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 12. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? II. Choose
10、 the best answer. 1. How long have you _ here? A. come B. got C. arrived D. been 2. My grandpa died _. A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6. 3. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow. A. been B. gone C. went D. never been 4. It is ten years _ I last saw h
11、er. A. after B. since C. for D. that 5.-Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? -I will. I _ her several times. A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet 6. -What a nice dress! How long _ you _ it? -Just 2 weeks. A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had 7.-Do you know Lydia very well?
12、 -Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young.A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned 8. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years. A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live 9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?- Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park. A. has been to
13、B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to 10. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice. A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, goingIII. Rewrite the sentences. 1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句) I _ _ been to Macau before.2. He hasnt come to school because he was ill. (就划线部分提问) _ _ he come to school?3
