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1、,Fighting invasion. When viruses (green) attack bacteria, the bacteria respond with DNA-targeting defenses that biologists have learned to exploit for genetic engineering.,Liang Jiwang 2015.02.02,Invasion. Streptococcus thermophilus (嗜热链球菌) such as this one may acquire key defensive sequence from in
2、fectious bacteriophage, attached at top.,Lactose,Lactic acid,发现,免疫过程,Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats,PAM: proto-spacer adjacent motifs(保守的间隔相邻基序) crRNA: CRISPR RNA tracrRNA: trans-activating CRISPR RNA,人工改造,工作原理,PAM(一般为NGG),工作原理-切割后的处理,NHEJ : Non-homologous end joining 非同源性
3、末端接合,HDR: Homology-direct repair 同源直接修复,应用 果蝇,A. Bassett, J.-L. Liu / Methods 69 (2014) 128136,HRMA: High-resolution melting analysis (高分辨率熔解曲线分析),A. Bassett, J.-L. Liu / Methods 69 (2014) 128136,应用 果蝇,white gene,yellow gene,应用 HIV,Deletion(190 bp),LTR: long terminal repeats,Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
4、. 2014 Aug 5;111(31),清除感染细胞中的HIV,应用 HIV,ICC: Immunocytochemistry免疫细胞化学技术 WB: Western blot MOI: multiplicity of infection 感染复数,Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Aug 5;111(31),预防再度感染,应用 医药,Chem Biol. 2015 Jan 22;22(1):107-16,Drug-target interaction,XPO-1,应用 医药,应用 激活基因,Precise cuts. In just 8 months, CRISPR modifications of DNA resulted in dumpier nematodes (left), zebrafish embryos with an excess of ventral tissue (middle), and fruit flies with dark eyes (right), demonstrating its broad utility for editing genes in animals.,
