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1、http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ 干旱半干旱生态农牧业发展展望一、概述A, an overview of the 在我国,干旱半干旱区是指那些降雨量小、气温高、蒸发量大、土壤及大气水分极不平衡的地区。从地理位置上看,我国西北地区就属于这种情况。该地区处于中纬度西风带,属常温气候,年降雨量不足 200mm,干燥度大于 3.50;东起大兴安岭,西至国境线, 连绵 400 多公理,横跨 50 个经度,总面积相当于英国国土的 12 倍。这些地区的农牧业发展状况直接与其地理位置、气候、环境相关,解决了该区的农牧业发展问题,也就等于局部解决了干旱半干旱地区的发展问题。In our c
2、ountry, arid and half arid areas are those small rainfall, high temperature, evaporation, soil and atmospheric water is highly uneven areas. Look from the geographical location, is this kind of situation in northwestern China. The region in the mid-latitude westerlies, cold climate, less than 200 mm
3、 annual rainfall, dry degree greater than 3.50; East the greater hinggan mountains, west to the border, sweeping 400 axioms, spanning 50 longitude, 12 times total area corresponds to the British state. Farming and animal husbandry development in these areas directly related to its geographical posit
4、ion, climate, environment, solve the problem of agriculture development in http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ this region, is also partial solved the development problem in arid and semi-arid area. 干旱半干旱地区虽属非灌不植 地区,但它也是一块富饶的土地, 遍布其间的山脉和大多数季节性河流使得该区域具有独特的地貌特征及生物气候特征,物产也独具特色。由于该区昼夜温差大,光照时间长而且充足,所以其植物光合产物量大,
5、夜间物质消耗少, 农产品不但产量高而且质量好,口感好,瓜甜果香。只要有灌溉, 该区就是一个物产丰美的地方,比如内蒙古河套地区因有灌溉而成为我国重要的商品粮基地和瓜果生产盛地。Arid and semi-arid area is belong to non irrigation not rooted areas, but it is also a piece of fertile land, dotted mountains and most seasonal rivers makes the region has a unique topographical features and biol
6、ogical climate characteristics, the product also has distinguishing feature alone. Due to the big temperature gap between day and night, and lighting time is long enough, so its plant photosynthesis production quantity is big, the night less material consumption, and agricultural products not only h
7、igh yield and good quality, good taste, sweet melon fruit. As long as there is irrigation, the area is the place where a product made, such as Inner Mongolia hetao region with irrigation and become Chinas important commodity grain base and melon and fruit production of kilometers. http:/ http:/ http
8、:/ http:/ 干旱半干旱地区干旱少雨,空气干燥,降水稀少, 蒸发量大,除少数灌区外,几乎年年都发生不同程度的干旱。水资源成为该区农牧业发展的制约因素,再加上灌溉技术落后和管理水平滞后,使得该区农牧业得不到大规模的发展。要想发展该区的农牧业,必须实施干旱半干旱集水农业生态工程技术。Arid and semi-arid region, the lack of rain, the air is dry, rainfall, evaporation, except a few irrigation areas, almost every year has different degrees of
9、 drought. Water resources has become the restriction factor in the development of farming and animal husbandry, coupled with the backward irrigation technology and management level lag, can not the development of large-scale farming and animal husbandry in the area. To development of agriculture in
10、this region, must implement arid and semi-arid catchment agriculture ecological engineering technology. 二、集水农业技术的概念Second, the concept of catchment agriculture technology 集水农业技术是中国古老旱地农业发展的新阶段,是人类水文化发展的新时期,它既是对古老传统的继承,又是一种新概念新构思。因此,它不是一项单一技术就能实现的, 而是复杂的技术体系,它包括天然降水富集工程技术、集水背景下的农艺工程技术、现代农村社会和农业的管理工程技
11、术。http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ Catchment agriculture technology is the development of Chinese ancient dryland agriculture in the new stage, water is the human culture development in the new period, it is not only inherited the ancient tradition, new idea and a new concept. Therefore, it is not a sing
12、le technology can achieve, but a complex technical system, it includes the natural rainfall enrichment of engineering technology, collection of water under the background of agricultural engineering technology, modern rural society and the management of agricultural engineering technology. 集水农业技术是自然
13、-社会- 经济复合生态系统各要素间协同发展的综合技术体系,应当说相对复杂。它们一环扣一环,环环紧扣,一环脱扣,全盘皆输。因此,要发展集水型生态农业,必须从自然、社会、经济各方面组织安排好人力、物力、财力,让这个系统各要素都发挥其最大效益。用通俗简单的话将集水农业技术概括如下三步:第一步拿到水;第二步把水高效地变成农产品;第三步,把农产品变成财富,进而推动社会经济的发展。Catchment agriculture technology is the elements of nature - social - economic compound ecological system coordina
14、ted development between the integrated technical system, should say is relatively complex. They a ring by ring, manufacturing.through, a ring http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ of tripping, lost. Therefore, to develop ecological agricultural catchment type, must be from all the aspects of nature, society,
15、economy, organization and arrange manpower and material resources, financial resources, and let the elements of the system play its greatest benefits. The catchment agriculture technology with popular simple words sum up the following three steps: the first step to get water; The second step is to become agricultural water efficiently; The third step, agricultural products into wealth, and then promote the dev
