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1、中考语法精讲被动语态,我吃了一个苹果， 那现在苹果怎样了？,苹果被,苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。,英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。,一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态,We speak English.,主语,谓语,宾语,主动语态,主动语态表示主语是动作的 执行者。,谓语speak的动作是由主语we执行的，即主语是是谓语动词所表示动作的执行者。,两种语态,English is spoken by many people.,主语,谓语,宾语,被动语态,主语English是谓语动词speak所表示的动作的承受者。,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。,We
2、clean our classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。,主动语态,Our classroom is cleaned every day. 我们的教室每天被打扫。,被动语态,英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。 二、被动语态的基本构成：be+动词的过去分词（be+done)be随着人称，时态和数的变化而变化,1）.一般现在时 am/is/are +done,We clean the classroom every day. The classroom is cleaned by us every day.,He put on a coat. A coat was
3、put on by him.,2）.一般过去时 was/were+done,He made the kite. The kite was made by him.,3）.一般将来时 shall/will /be going to+ be done,They will plant trees tomorrow. Trees will be planted by them tomorrow He is going to write a letter to his mother. A letter is going to be written to his mother by him.,4）.现在完
4、成时 has /have +been done,Jim has finished the work. The work has been finished by Jim.,5）.含有情态动词的被动语态,can/may/must/should +be done,I can find him. He can be found by me.,三、被动语态的用法,1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁。,The windoe was broken last night. Rice is grown in the south of China. Many trees should be planted every
5、 year.每年都应该种更多的树。,2. 强调或突出动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。,世界上越来越多的人说汉语。 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.,3. 动作不是由人发出的。,许多房屋被冲走了。 Many houses were washed away by the flood.,四、主动语态变被动语态的方法,We speak English.,主语,谓语,宾语,English is spoken by us.,主语,谓语,宾语,宾变主,主变宾,前加by,主动语态,被动语态,1. Tom broke the wi
6、ndow. The window was broken by Tom.,2.He broke the windows. The windows were broken by him.,Be要随着主语变,逻辑主语by来引,Exercise: He rides the motorbike to his factory every day.,The motorbike is ridden to his factory every day.,Exercise: We call the snowman Mr. Strong.,The snowman is called Mr. Strong.,Exerc
7、ise:He bought some fruits yesterday.,Some fruits were bought yesterday.,主动语态变被动语态的方法,（主语） （宾语） 主动语态：动作的执行者+谓语动词的主动形式+动作的承受者被动语态：动作的承受者+谓语动词的被动形式+动作的执行者（主语） （宾语）,说明： （1）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。 （2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由by引导。 （3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。,主动语态中，使役动词（make, let, have）,感官动词（see
8、, hear, watch, feel,notice）后面跟省略to的不定式，变为被动语态时，要加上不定式符号to. I saw him open the door just now.刚才我看见他进屋了（主动语态） He was seen to open the door just now.,补充部分,2. 主动结构表被动意义,open,lock,write,read,sell,wash, cut,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可以用主动语态表被动意义。,This kind of shirt sells well. The pen writes smoothly., cost,
9、 fit, agree with (气候，食物等适合于）使用主动表被动。 The book costs me twenty yuan.,3.系动词没有被动形式 look,sound,taste,smell,feel等系动词用主动表被动意义。 例： It smells wonderful.Mooncakes taste delicious.,3. 在be worth doing中,doing表被动意义。 例：This book is worth reading.,4. want/need/require+doing =want/need/require+to be done例：My bike n
10、eeds repairing.=My bike needs to be repaired.我的自行车需要修理。,happen, take place, break out,have ,belong to.,课堂练习 （一）改写句子 1. We plant trees in spring every year._ by us in spring every year. 2. She posted the letter yesterday._ by her yesterday. 3. Mr Turner gave me a birthday present._a birthday present
11、by Mr Turner. 5. You may hand in your homework tomorrow._ by you tomorrow. 6. She is going to write a letter._ by her.,Trees are planted,The letter was posted,I was given,Your homework may be handed in,A letter is going to be written,1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard eve
12、n at dinner A are not kept；will have to B are not kept；have C do not keep；will have to D do not keep；have to 2. The fifth generation computers, _and perfected now. A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed 3. - _ the sports meet might be put off - Yes，it all d
13、epends on the weather A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told,A,C,A,4. I need one more stamp before my collection _. A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed 5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cu
14、t B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 6. The new bridge _ by the end of last month. A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed 7. When part of a pencil is in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken,D,
15、C,B,C,8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up 9. That suit _ over 60 dollars. A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost 10. - Look! Everything here is under construction. - Whats the pretty small house that _ for? A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building 11.- Do you like the cloth? - Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt,
