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1、英语巧学妙记,宾语从句巧学妙记,I know him .,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,（复合句）,2. I know who he is .,什么是宾语？,I know him. Do you have the time? I think (that) she is beautiful. Why dont you pay attention to me?,宾语,位于谓语动词或者介词后。,一、宾语从句的概念,从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句， 通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。 eg. We know Mr Green t
2、eaches English. She asked if these answers were right.,二、宾语从句三要素,引导词（连接词） 语 序 时 态,不同引导词引导的宾语从句,由从属连词 that 引导的宾语从句,由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what 和连接副词 where,how,why,when 引导的宾语从句,由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句,（一）引导词,1,2,3,e.g. I hear (that) _. He said (that) _. The teacher told us (that) _ _.,he will be
3、 back in an hour,he missed us very much,the earth moves,1.由从属连词 that 引导的宾语从句,注：that 引导的从句，表示陈述一件事实，主句谓语动词表示确定，不疑问；that在句中无任何意义，不充当句子成分，常省略。,around the sun,2.由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句,I want to know _. 2. Ask him _. 3. I wonder _. 4. Could you tell me_ ?,if (whether) he will go to the park with us,wh
4、ether (if) he can come,whether it is going to rain or not,if/ whether “是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 表示疑问不确定意义的词之后；从句句意完整，不缺成分。,whether(if) Mr Li lives here,1. 在引导主语从句、表语从句时如：Whether it is true remains a question.The question is whether it is true. 2. 用在动词不定式之前时用whether不
5、用if。I dont know whether to go there at once. 3.当与or not连用，或 or 提出两种选择时: I dont know whether hes free or not. Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not. Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room.,注意：只能用 whether不能用 if 的情况 1,注意：只能用 whether不能用 if 的情况 2,4. 在介词或dicuss后面： Im thinkin
6、g of whether we should go fishing. We discussed whether we should close the shop. 5. 与动词不定式连用(whether to do sth.) ： They asked me whether to go skating. 6. 为了强调宾语部分，也可把从句提在主句前。Whether he will come I am not sure.,注意：只能用if 不能用 whether的情况,1.引导条件状语从句 If he runs fast, hell get there on time. Ill go to se
7、e you if I have time. 2.引导否定的宾语从句 Tell me if it is not going to rain, please.,时态,条件状语从句：,主将从现,宾语从句：,根据需要用相应时态,if whether用法巧记,两个“是否”并不难，一般情况可代换。 下列情况用whether, 主表不定式or (not)。 作为讨论介词宾， 此时 if 不可跟。 还有一点也得编， whether从句可提前。 引导条件表“如果”，再也不可用whether。 宾语从句若否定， whether一词不可用。,Practice time,选择 if / whether。 1. I a
8、sked her _ she had a bike. 2. Were worried about _ he is safe. 3. I wonder _ he is well. 4. I dont know _ or not he is well. 5. I dont know _ to go.,if / whether,whether,whether /if,whether,whether,1. He asked _. 2. Do you know_? 3. He asked_.,who could answer the question,whom they are waiting for,
9、whose bike was the best in the class,由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what 引导的宾语从句,主句谓语动词，表示疑问不确定含义，要用疑问代词引导宾语从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。,连接副词 where,how,why,when 引导的宾语从句,1.Do you know _? 2. Please tell me _. 3.Can you tell me _ ? 4.Could you tell me _?,主句谓语动词，表示疑问不确定含义，要用疑问引导宾语从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略
10、。,when well have a meeting,where he is,how I can get to the station,why the train is late,二、语序 宾语从句的语序用陈述语序： 连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分,1. When will he go to the library? His brother asks when he will go to the library .,2. What did he want to buy ?I dont know what he wanted to buy .,主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分） 即：助动词不能
11、放在主语前面。,Whats wrong? Whats the matter?Whats happening? Who is over there？,注：当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变：,eg: I dont know whats the matter.Can you tell me who is over there? Can you tell me who he is ?,做主语,做宾语,注意：否定前移,若主句谓语动词为think, guess，imagine，suppose,believe等其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓
12、语用肯定式；其反意疑问句，疑问从句。,否定前移及反意疑问句形式巧记法,I dont think this dress fits you well, does it? 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿,是吗？ I dont think you are right，are you? 我认为你是错的,是吗？ I dont believe you will finish the work today， will you? 我认为你今天无法完成工作, 是吗？,我认为猜想有假不可信，提问宾从构反问。 从句若表否定意， 否定词语要前移。,I know he lives here . I know he lived
13、here ten years ago . I have heard that he will come tomorrow .,三、时态,主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据实际情况而定。,2.如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时），从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）,I knew who lived there. I saw she was talking with her mother. He asked whether his father would come back the next day. He said t
14、hat he had seen the movie .,3. 从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，仍用一般现在时。,Dad told us that it is better to do than to say. He told the boy that three and three is six. He told me the earth moves around the sun. Mr. Li told me the sun rises in the east.,1. The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be) 2. The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go) 3. I hear they _ (return) it already. 4. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be) 5. Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise),will be,goes,have returned,
