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1、独立主格结构和 with / without复合结构,一独立主格结构,1.概念:状语有时可以由一个名词或代词和另一成分构成的复合结构担任,称为独立主格结构。2.结构:名词/代词 + 分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 。这一结构在句中可以表示时间、原因、条 件、方式或伴随情况。,() 名词/代词+分词(过去分词/现在分词),当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。一般位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴随状语时,常放在句首。1.This problem settled, they left the meeting room. 2.Time perm
2、itting, well go there on foot.3.He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head.,()名词/代词 + (being) 形容词,His mother being ill, he had to stay home to look after her. 2. He entered the house, his nose red with cold.()名词代词（being) 副词He put on his socks， wrong side out.,()名词代词不定式,1.I send you
3、100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year. (2005湖南)A. follows B. followedC. to follow D. being followed2. Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out.,（）名词代词介词短语,在这一结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语 中的名词都是单数名词，这些名词前习惯 不用冠词。1.Our teacher came into the classroom, book in hand. 2.Flag on shoulder, the soldie
4、r rushed to the top of the mountain.,()有些独立主格结构中没有分词，仅 在名词或代词之后直接跟作表语或状语 的词或词组，省去的分词一般是being 或having been，这是为了简练。但在 “being+过去分词”或“there being 过去分词”结构中，being不可省。,1.Breakfast (being) over, he went to school. 2.There being no cause for alarm, she went back to her room. 3.The room being painted now, we
5、cant go there.,二With和without复合结构,with和without复合结构是: with/without名词代词分词不定式形容词副词介词短语。在句子中可以作状语或定语。,（）with/without名词代词现在分词。用现在分词表示主动、正在进行或发生的动作。,I couldnt finish my work with those children _.A. playing around B. plays aroundC. played around D. to play around () with/without 名词代词+ 过去分词。用过去分词表示被动或已完成的动作
6、。 In the read-room, we found her seated at a desk, with her attention _ on a book.A. fixing B. fixes C. fixed D. to fix,() with/without名词代词不定式。用不定式表示将要发生的动作。,With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled()wi
7、th/without名词代词形容词。She sleeps with the window open.,() with/without+名词代词副词。,_ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.A. As B. For C. With D. Through() with/without+名词代词介词短语。1.He sleeps with a book in his hand.2. A girl with a necklace around her neck got on the bus.,三with和wi
8、thout复合结构 与独立主格结构的转化,（） with和without复合结构与独立主格结构在句 中作状语时，一般可相互转换；此外还可变为状语从 句或并列句。 （）作时间状语With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. =Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.= When winter comes on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.,（）作
9、原因状语,With the key lost, she could not enter the room.=The key lost, she could not enter the room.=As/Because the key had been lost, she could not enter the room.,(3)作条件状语,With time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace.=Time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace.=If time permits, well visit th
10、e Summer Palace.,(4)作伴随状语,Here are the first three volumes withthe fourth one to come out next month.=Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month.=Here are the first three volumes and thefourth one is coming out next month.,() with和without复合结构可以作 后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结 构则不可作后置定语
11、修饰名词。,Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom.=Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green and whose flowerswere in blossom.,1._ ten minutes _ before the last trainleft, we arrived at the station.A. There were; to go B. With; to goC. I was; left D. It had; left 2.The
12、lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _.A.20 dollars remained B.20 dollars to remainC.remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars 3._ the lights off, we could not go on with the work.A. Until B. As C. With D. Because,巩固练习,4.It was a pity that the great writer died _ his work unfin
13、ished.A. for B. with C. from D. of 5.The weather _ so bad, we had to put off thefootball match.A. was B. is C. were D. being 6. _, the runners raced on to the finishing line.A. Stick in hand B. With a stick in his handC. Sticks in hand D. Sticks in hands 7. The boy lay on the ground, his eyes _ and
14、his hands _.A. being closed; trembling B. closed; trembling C. closed; trembledD. closing; trembled,8._,the work can be done much better.A. Given more timeB. We had been given more time C. More time given D. If more time had given9.Weather _, the sports meet will be held as scheduled.A. permits B. w
15、ill permit C. to permit D. permitting10._ a rainy day, he didnt go out for a walk as usual.A. It was B. It isC. It being D. Having been,Well done!,非谓语动词是高中语法的重点，也是难点，咱们常常对此感到头疼。其实只要理解并掌握非谓语动词各种形式的特点，做起题来会很轻松。熟悉知道了非谓语动词形式后，做题时可分四步分析。,一、分析句子结构 1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it . 2. _
16、many times , he still couldnt understand it . A. Having been told .B. Told C. He was told D. Though he told 3. _to the left , youll find the post office . 4. If you _to the left , youll find the post office . 5. _to the left , and youll find the post office . A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned,
