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1、Unit 2 The United Kingdom,语法：过去分词作宾语补足语,考点1.过去分词作宾语补足语 过去分词可以放在宾语后面对宾语起补充说明的作用。过去分词作宾补时;(1)分词表示的动作和宾语之间是被动关系;(2)分词作宾补仅仅表示动作已经完成;(3)分词作宾补时，只表示宾语的状态不表示被动的意义。 (1)分词表示的动作和宾语之间是被动关系 I want the letter posted. 我想把这封信寄出去。 (the letter是宾语,posted是宾补.the letter 和posted所表示的动作之间是被动关系),语法填空： Back from his two-year
2、 medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother _ (take) good care of at home.,taken,(2)分词作宾补仅仅表示动作已经完成,如go, change, fall等的过去分词。 She found her necklace gone on her way home. 她在回家的路上发现项链丢了。 He found the place much changed. 他发现这个地方有了巨大的变化。,(3)分词作宾补表示宾语的状态,而不表示被动意义,如seat, hide, dre
3、ss等词的过去分词。 When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner. As soon as the boy got himself dressed, he went out.,2.用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况 (1)过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep, leave等的后面作宾语补足语。 Dont leave the windows broken like this all the time. 不要让窗户像这样一直破着。 Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open. (谚语)少说多看。,
4、常见表达：leave sth. undone 留下某事未做 (表被动undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched为多) He left much work unfinished / undone, because he was very busy yesterday. Although he had finished his meal, he left all the dishes untouched. 尽管他已吃完饭，但是所有的菜都没有动。,(2)过去分词用在使役动词make, get, have等的后面作宾语补足语。 “have/ get +宾语+过去分
5、词”结构的含义： 表示主语请别人做某事； I have had my computer repaired. 我让人修好了我的电脑。 I get my hair cut once a month.,表示主语遭受、遭遇某一不愉快的事； He got his leg injured. When he got home, he found that he had his wallet stolen. While they were on holiday, they had their car broken into. 他们在度假时，他们的汽车被撬开了。,表示普通的被动含义, 意为“使得” He has
6、 got five thousand yuan saved this month. “make + oneself + done”结构表示“使某人自己被理解/被听到” I raised my voice to make myself heard. 我提高了嗓门以便是自己被别人听见。 They managed to make themselves _ (understand) by using very simple English.,understood,(3)过去分词用watch, notice, see, hear, feel, find, observe等表示感觉或心理状态的动词后面作宾
7、语补足语。 When we got to the classroom, we saw the door locked. I was sleeping when I heard my name called. He didnt notice his wallet stolen. He felt himself cheated.,(4)过去分词作表示“希望、要求、命令等”的动词的宾语补足语。这类动词有like, order, want, wish, expect等。 The boss wouldnt like the problem discussed at the moment. 老板不想现在讨
8、论这个问题。 I wish these letters (to be) typed out as soon as possible. 我希望这些信件能被尽快打出来。 The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week. 经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。,(5)过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”这一结构中作宾语补足语。过去分词与宾语之间是被动关系。 With the work finished, they went to the seaside for a holiday. 做完了工作，他们到海滨度假了。 With e
9、very problem settled, he began to think of a journey.,考点2.现在分词/过去分词/不定式作宾语补足语的区别 1.感官动词后宾语补足语的比较 (1)感官动词的宾语补足语有以下几种形式(以see为例)： see+宾语+doing 看见正在做 (宾语补足语表示的动作是宾语发出的为主动关系,且动作正在进行) see+宾语+do 看见做了 (宾语补足语表示的动作是宾语发出的为主动关系,但强调动作的全过程) see+宾语+done 看见被做 (宾语是宾语补足语表示的动作的承受者为被动关系，但动作已经完成),I saw him work in the g
10、arden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。 (表示主动和动作发生的全过程) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他正在花园里干活。 (表示主动和动作正在进行) I saw him knocked down by a bus. 我看见他被一辆公共汽车撞倒。 (表示被动和动作已完成),真题链接 1.I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. w
11、ound 2.Listen! Do you hear someone _ for help? A. calling B. call C. to call D. called,2.使役动词make, have, get和keep, find后宾语补足语的比较 (1)make+宾语+do sth. 让作某事(宾语与宾补之间是主动关系)make+宾语+done 让被做(宾语与宾补之间是被动关系) He made his workers work 12 hours a day. He tried to make himself understood.,(2) have+宾语+do sth. 使做某事h
12、ave+宾语+doing sth. 使持续做某事have+宾语+done 使被做/遭受 The boss often has them work for 14 hours a day. 老板经常要他们一天工作14个小时。 Dont have the water running. We had the machine mended just now. 我们刚才请人把机器修好了。,(3) get+宾语+to do sth. 使做某事get+宾语+doing sth. 使开始做某事get+宾语+done 使被做 He got me to post the letter for him. 他让我替他寄
13、信。 Let me try now. I will get the car going. 现在让我试试，我会把汽车发动起来的。 You must get the work done before Friday. 你必须在周五前把工作完成。,(4) keep+宾语+doing 使一直做某事keep+宾语+done 使被 (表示被动且完成，或表示状态) I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 对不起,让你久等了。 She kept her eyes shut and stayed where she was. 她紧闭双眼，待在原地未动。,(5) f
14、ind+宾语+doing 发现正在做某事(表示主动和动作正在进行)find+宾语+done 发现 (发现被动且完成，或表示状态)When we arrived, we found him sleeping. 我们到达时发现他在睡觉。 When he arrived, he found all the work finished. 当他到达时，他发现所有的工作都做完了。,3.with复合结构中宾语补足语的比较 with + sb. / sth.+ doing (表主动,表进行) with + sth. + done (表示被动、动作已完成) with + sth. + to do (表示动作尚未
15、发生),He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky. 他躺在草地上，眼睛看着天空。 With a lot of work to do, he has no time to look after his family. With his work finished, he went to play football with his friends.,真题链接 1.Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _. A. washed B. wash C.
16、 washing D. to wash 2.The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog _ them. A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows,3.When we saw the road _ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. A. block B. to block C. blocking D. blocked 4.Let those in need _ that we will go all out to help them. A. to understand B. understand C. understanding D. understood,
