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1、Artemis,091072 郭艳 李金莹 吴芸 091073 强梅娟 091082 易均平,Structure,Brief introductionEtymonogyBirth and childhoodMyths and storiesImageWorshipsAstronomy and computer,Introduction I,Artemis was one of the most widely venerated of the Ancient Greek deities. Some scholars believe that the name, and indeed the go
2、ddess herself, was originally pre-Greek. Homer refers to her as “The Mistress of Animals (Potnia Theron), Artemis of the Wilds“. In the classical period of Greek mythology, Artemis was often described as the daughter of Zeus and Leto, and the twin sister of Apollo.,Introduction II,She was the Hellen
3、ic goddess of the hunt, wild animals, wilderness, childbirth, virginity, fertility, young girls and disease in women and often was depicted as a huntress carrying a bow and arrows.The deer and the cypress were sacred to her. In later Hellenistic times, she even assumed the ancient role of Eileithyia
4、 in aiding childbirth. Artemis later became identified with Selene,a Titaness who was a Greek moon goddess, sometimes depicted with a crescent moon above her head. She was also identified with the Roman goddess Diana,with the Etruscan goddess Artume, and with the Greek or Carian goddess Hecate.,Etym
5、onogy,A hypothesis connects Artemis to the Proto-Indo-European root meaning “bear“ due to her cultic practices in Brauronia and the Neolithic remains at the Arkouditessa.The name could be related to artemes, safe, or artamos,“a butcher“. The earliest form of the name Artemis is the Mycenaean Greek a
6、-ti-mi-te, written in Linear b syllabic script.,Birth of Artemis,Desipte various conflicting accounts given in Classical Greek mythology of the birth of Artemis, they all agree that she was the daughter of Zeus and Leto and that she was the twin sister of Apollo. An account by Callimachus has it tha
7、t Hera forbade Leto to give birth on either terra firma or on an island. Hera was angry with Zeus, her husband, because he had impregnated Leto. But the island of Delos disobeyed Hera, and Leto gave birth there. The myths also differ as to whether Artemis was born first, or Apollo. Most stories depi
8、ct Artemis as born first, becoming her mothers mid-wife upon the birth of her brother Apollo.,Childhood,The childhood of Artemis is not embodied in any surviving myth: the Iliad reduced the figure of the dread goddess to that of a girl, who, having been thrashed by Hera, climbs weeping into the lap
9、of Zeus. A poem of Callimachus imagines some charming vignettes: at 3, Artemis asked her father, Zeus, to grant her six wishes. Her first wish was to remain chaste for eternity, and never to be confined by marriage. She then asked for lop-eared hounds, stags to lead her chariot, and nymphs to be her
10、 hunting companion. Also, she asked for a silver bow like her brother Apollo. And his father granted her. All of her companions remained virgins and Artemis guarded her own chastity closely. Her symbol was the silver bow and arrow.,Myths-Artemis and Actaeon,She was once bathing in a vale on Mount Ci
11、thaeron, when the Theban prince and hunter Actaeon stumbled across her. One version of this story says that Actaeon hid in the bushes and spied on her as she continued to bathe; she was enraged to discover the spy and turned him into a stag which was pursued and killed by his own hounds. Alternative
12、ly, another version states that Actaeon boasted that he was a better hunter than she and Artemis turned him into a stag and he was eaten by his hounds.,Interpretations of Actaeon,There are many different versions of what happened that day. Ovid says Actaeon was unaware:,“And while Diana was being ba
13、thed, as she had been many times before, Actaeon, Cadmus grandson, came to the grotto uncertain of his way and wandering through the unfamiliar wood; so fate carried him along.” Ovid, Metamorphoses,Other versions paint Actaeon as a voyeur who deliberately spied on the goddess. Different stories have
14、 different points about the wild, divine justice, or fate. Either way, Artemis, like nature, is dangerous and merciless.,Myths-Artemis and Adonis,In some versions of the story of Adonis, who was a late addition to Greek mythology during the Hellenistic period, Artemis sent a wild boar to kill Adonis
15、 as punishment for his hubristic boast that he was a better hunter than she.In other versions, Artemis killed Adonis for revenge. In later myths, Adonis had been related as a favorite of Aphrodite, and Aphrodite was responsible for the death of Hippolytus, who had been a favorite of Artemis. Therefo
16、re, Artemis killed Adonis to avenge Hippolytuss death.,Myths-Orion,Orion was a hunting companion of the goddess Artemis. In some versions of his story he was killed by Artemis, while in others he was killed by a scorpion sent by Gaia. In some versions, Orion tried to seduce Opis,18 one of her follow
17、ers, and she killed him. In a version by Aratus,19 Orion took hold of Artemis robe and she killed him in self-defense.In yet another version, Apollo sent the scorpion. According to Hyginus 20 Artemis once loved Orion (in spite of the late source, this version appears to be a rare remnant of her as the pre-Olympian goddess, who took consorts, as Eos did), but was tricked into killing him by her brother Apollo, who was “protective“ of his sisters maidenhood.,
