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1、Grammar,Grammar (1),Read the sentences and underline the v-ed forms.,1. Encouraged greatly, they worked even harder. 2. Given better attention, these flowers could have grown better.,3. Considered more carefully, it would have had a good result. 4. Born in a poor family, he had only two years of sch
2、ooling.,Rewrite the sentences, beginning with the words given in brackets.,1) Spoken by fewer and fewer people these days, the Naxi language may disappear in the future. (because) Because it is spoken by fewer and fewer people these days, the Naxi language may disappear.,2) Seen from above, the old
3、town is a maze of canals, little bridges and tiny streets. (when) When it is seen from above, the old town is a maze of canals, little bridges and tiny streets.,3) Passed from father to son, the music has not changed for eight centuries. (because) Because it is passed from father to son, the music h
4、as not changed for eight centuries.,4) Looked at from a distance, the Xishan Hills resemble a sleeping beauty. (when) When they are looked at from a distance, the Xishan Hills resemble a sleeping beauty.,5) Completely rebuilt, the town would not be so interesting. (if) If it were completely rebuilt,
5、 the town would not be so interesting.,Summary: the functions of v-ed form as adverbials.,过去分词(past participles) 或过去分词短语(past participial phrases) 作状语是英语中常见的语言现象，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。,(1) 作时间状语。如：Seen from the top of the hill, our school looks beautiful. 从山顶上看，我们学校看起来很美。Heated, liquids can be cha
6、nged into gases. 液体被加热会变成气体。注意: 作时间状语时, 过去分词如果同时表被动和动作完成, 常可换用现在分词的被动完成式; 过去分词如果只表被动, 不表完成,则不可与现在分词的被动完成式换用。,如: Discussed (Having been discussed) many times, the problems were settled at last. 在讨论了多次之后, 问题终于解决了。 (过去分词既表被动又表完成)Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. 从山上看这个公园非常漂亮。 (过去分词只表被动
7、) 相当于when引导的状语从句.如果两个动作同时发生, 可在分词前用when, while等使其时间意义更明确,(2) 作原因状语。如:Attracted by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.被自然美迷住了，来自伦敦的那个姑娘决定在农场再呆两天。Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology. 由于在农村出生并长大, 他对生物很感兴趣。,(3) 作条件状语。
8、如：Given another chance, he will do better. 再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里, 这些种子能长得很快。相当于if, unless引导的从句。,相当于as, since, because引导的从句, 这类状语多放在句子前半部分。,(4) 作让步状语。如：Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑, 他还是继续他的研究。Exhausted by the climbing,
9、the old man was determined to get to the top of the hill. 尽管已经爬得筋疲力尽，那位老人决定爬到山顶。 相当于though, although引导的从句。,(5) 表方式或伴随情况。如： Followed by some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. 被一些官员跟随着, 拿破仑视察了他的军队。He stood there silently, moved to tears. 他静静地站在那里, 被感动得热泪盈眶。作状语表示方式或伴随情况时,过去分词可用并列句代替，如:The hunter
10、left his house, followed by his dog. (= He was followed by the dog.),注意,(1) 过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语须与句子的主语保持一致，它们之间存在着被动关系。如：Given better attention, the trees could grow better. 若管理得好一些，这些树木会生长得更好些。,(2) 有时, 为了明确时间、条件、让步或原因等, 分词前面可加连词when, if, unless, once, although或副词如deeply, completely, greatly等。如：Sugar, whe
11、n mixed with water, dissolves quickly. 糖与水混合很快就溶解。Although tired, I must go on working.我虽然累了，但必须继续干。,(3) 过去分词短语还可以和介词 “with”或 “without” 连用。如：You should go to sleep with the light turned off. 你应该把灯熄了再睡。 Without anything left in the kitchen, we decided to eat out. 厨房里没有剩下任何东西，我们决定出去吃。,(4) 如果分词的逻辑主语与所修
12、饰的句子的主语不一致，就要有自己的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构(the absolute construction)。如： The test finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了, 我们开始放假。More time given, we should have done it much better. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。,Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the box.,1) When _ in spring, the hills are co
13、vered with flowers. 2) _ as one of the loveliest places in China, Yunnan is now visited by many tourists.,visited,Known,Practice,3) _ in the streets, we decided to ask for help. 4) _ into a Naxi home, you should accept with pleasure. 5) If _ something you dont want to eat, just refuse politely.,give
14、n,Invited,Lost,Complete the following sentences, using the given words.,1) _ (face) with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. 2) _ (put) into use in April 2004, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.,Faced,Put,3) When _ (offer)
15、help, one often says “Thank you.”or “Its kind of you.” 4) “You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, _ (run) away.,offered,running,Write complete sentences with the correct form of the words.,1. discover/only recently/old town/ be/still very quietDiscovered only recently, the old town is still very quiet.,
16、2. visit/large numbers/tourists/old town/ can get very crowded(When) visited by large numbers of tourists, the old town can get very crowded. 3. build /side/ mountain/ village/ be/very attractiveAs it is built on the side of a mountain, the village is very attractive.,4. cook/traditional way/ food/ be/ delicious(When) cooked in a traditional way, the food is delicious.,
