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1、语法专题十三 构词法,-2-,高考感悟,考点归纳,1.(2016浙江改编)A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, (especial) if you are travelling at high speed. 2.(2015江苏改编)Some schools will have to make (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.,1.especially 考查副词。句意:突然停住是很吓人的经历,特别是如果你正在高速行驶的时候。这里用副词修饰句子,强调尤其是在
2、高速行驶时。 2.adjustments 考查名词。动词make之后应该接宾语,由于没有冠词,所以空格处应该填写复数形式adjustments。句意:一些学校将不得不作出调整,以适应国家足球改革。,-3-,高考感悟,考点归纳,3.(2015安徽改编)They gave money to the old peoples home either (personal) or through their companies. 4.(2015福建改编)It was (consider) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried
3、.,3.personally 考查形容词对应的副词形式。分析句子结构可知空格处需要填副词并与through their companies构成并列状语。句意:他们亲自或通过公司向敬老院捐款。 4.considerate 考查动词对应的形容词形式。句意:迈克尔想得很周到,他通知我们他耽搁的事情,以免我们担心。considerate“考虑周详的,体贴的”,本句应用了句型“It is/was considerate of sb.to do sth.某人想得很周到,做了”。,-4-,高考感悟,考点归纳,5.(2015湖北改编)The girl used to be shy,but is (gradua
4、l) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself. 6.Why not buy a second-hand car first if you dont have enough money for a new one? Thats a good (suggest).,5.gradually 考查形容词对应的副词形式。分析句子结构可知此处需要副词gradually来修饰动词短语“getting active”。句意:这个女孩过去很腼腆,但现在逐渐地积极参加集体活动,也更乐意表达自己了。 6.suggesti
5、on 考查名词。根据a good可知,空处用名词的单数形式。句意:如果你没有足够的钱买一辆新车,为什么不先买一辆二手车呢?那是一个很好的建议。,-5-,高考感悟,考点归纳,7.The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others (blind). 8.What was so (impress) about Jasmine Westlands victory was that she came first in the marathon barefooted.,7.b
6、lindly 考查副词。blindly“盲目地”,修饰动词follow。句意:教育的目的就是教会年轻人独立思考,不盲目服从别人。 8.impressive 考查形容词。句意:关于贾斯敏韦斯特兰的胜利,令人印象深刻的是她在马拉松比赛中赤脚跑了第一名。所填词在句中做表语,故应填形容词形式,impressive“令人印象深刻的”。,-6-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,-7-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,-8-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,合成法就是由两个或更多的词合成一个词。词与词之间有的用连字符“-”连接,有的直接连写在一起,还有的分开写。 1.合成名词,-9-,高考感悟,
7、考点归纳,一,三,二,四,-10-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,2.合成形容词,-11-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,-12-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,3.合成副词,-13-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,4.其他合成词,-14-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,转化法就是一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性而词形不变。,-15-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,1.前缀 派生法就是由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。,-16-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,-17-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,-18-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,
8、四,2.后缀,-19-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,-20-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,-21-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,-22-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,-23-,用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.The (success) fisherman invited the officer to accompany him and observe. 2.Its not really (surprise) that reading became her vocation.,1.successful 句意:这位成功的渔夫邀请长官来陪伴观察。分析句子结构可知所填
9、词位于名词前做定语,用形容词。 2.surprising 本句中的it指代后面that从句的内容;根据句意用以修饰一件事情,所以使用现在分词转换的形容词surprising “令人惊讶的”做表语。,-24-,3.Its so (comfort) to be in that condition of self-doubt or self-criticism and guilt. 4.It was a little far to her car and it was a (fog) day yesterday in Missouri. 5.Before we end this program,le
10、ts take a (glance) at the sports news briefly.,3.uncomfortable 根据空后的self-doubt or self-criticism and guilt判断前面应填 “不舒服的”,Its后应用形容词做表语,故填uncomfortable。 4.foggy 此处为形容词做定语,修饰名词day,故用foggy。 5.glance 句意:在结束这个节目之前,让我们简要浏览一下体育新闻。,-25-,6.According to a UN report,one third of the world population have no (acc
11、ess) to clean drinking water and health care. 7.I cant tell you how much the precious painting is worth,but it is (rough) assessed at $100 million. 8.Getting up at noon is part of his routine.He leads an (regular) life.,6.access 句意:根据联合国的一则报告,世界上三分之一的人喝不到干净的饮用水,得不到好的医疗保健。 7.roughly 句意:我没法告诉你这幅珍贵的画值多
12、少钱,但是它大致可估价1亿美元。roughly“粗略地”。 8.irregular 从前面的Getting up at noon可知,他的生活不规律,因此用regular的反义词irregular。,-26-,9.The naughty boy entered the classroom (caution),fearing that his teacher would blame him. 10.Basketball coaches waste no time in searching for (promise) young players of great potential for bet
13、ter performances in the coming season.,9.cautiously 句意:这个顽皮的男孩害怕老师会责备他,小心翼翼地走进教室。cautiously“小心翼翼地”,符合句意。 10.promising 句意:为了下个赛季有更好的表现,篮球教练员们抓紧时间去寻找有巨大潜力的年轻球员。promising“有前途的,有希望的”。,-27-,11.When the salesgirl walked into the shop,she sensed something (usual).Can someone have got in? 12.His confidence
14、built up (gradual) as he gained more and more experience in teaching.,11.unusual 句意:当女售货员走进商店的时候,她察觉到了异常的情况,可能有人进来过了吗?这里用usual的反义词unusual,表示“不寻常的”。 12.gradually 句意:随着教学经验的不断增加,他的信心逐渐增强。gradually“逐渐地,渐渐地”,符合句意。,-28-,13.After a long and heated discussion,the final (agree) was arrived at in the end. 14
15、.Although she brushed the old pot (thorough),she could not make it completely clean,which made her very upset. 15.The river (wide) as it flows.,13.agreement 句意:经过长时间热烈的讨论,终于达成了最后协议。final是形容词,其后要用名词,故用agreement。 14.thoroughly 句意:尽管她把这个旧罐子彻底清洗了,但还是没有把它完全洗干净,这让她很心烦。根据句意可知应用thoroughly,表示“彻底地”,修饰brushed。 15.widens 句意:这条河越流越宽。句子缺少谓语,因此要用动词。wide的动词形式是widen,又因主语是the river,因此用第三人称单数widens。,
