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1、Grammar,subjunctive,Subjunctive Mood,语气(mood)是用来表示谈话人的态度和看法的动词形式。 英语有三种语气: 陈述语气(同陈述句)祈使语气(同祈使句)虚拟语气 虚拟语气不表示一个事实, 而是表示一种假设情况(愿望，建议，假设)。,1 表示与现在事实相反的假设, 条件状语从句用“一般过去式(be 一般用were)”, 而主句谓语动词由“would/should/ could/might + 动词原形”构成。,虚拟语气用于条件状语从句,If I were a boy, I would join the army.,What would you do if y
2、ou won the lottery? If I won the lottery, I would,If I won the lottery,I would buy an expensive car.,If I had a lot of money,I would buy a villa.,2. 与过去的事实相反,从句的谓语用had过去分词, 构成If I (we, you, he, they)had过去分词的形式； 主句的谓语用should/would/could /might have 动词过去分词。,If I had studied hard before, I would have g
3、one to the key university. 如果我过去努力学习的话， 我会考上重点大学的。（但我没有努力学习）,If he _ more carefully, he _ the car accident yesterday.,had driven,would not have had,a. If Tom _ (be) more carefulin the exam, he _ (pass) it already. b. If you _ (get) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train.,had been,would have passe
4、d,had got,would have caught,II. Fill in the blanks.,3. 与将来事实相反,从句谓语用动词过去式、were to do 或 should do 形式, 主句谓语用should/would/could/might 动词原形。,If he _ up early,he would be on time.,got,假如他来了, 我们对他说什么呢？,If he were to come, what should we say to him?,假如他看见我，就会认出我。,If he should see me, he would know me.,If t
5、here _ (be) no naturalresource any more, we _ (make) use of nuclear power. b. What _ (happen) if you _ (get up) too late tomorrow?,should be,should make,would happen,should get up,III. Fill in the blanks.,二. 虚拟语气在条件句中的运用。,1.条件状语从句有两类：一类是真实条件句，一类是非真实条件句，即虚拟条件句。 如果表述的条件是真实的情况或假设的情况可能发生，则是真实条件句。 If you
6、 work hard, youll succeed. If it rains tomorrow, well have to put off our school meeting. If a man marries a woman, they will have a child.,注意：如果说话者说话时正处于干旱季节，多日没下雨，或者说话时，已经通过天气预报得知“明天不会下雨”，这时，说话者所说的话只是一种假想，是与将来的事实正好相反的一种情况，应该用虚拟条件句表达。 If it were to rain tomorrow, we would have to put off our sports
7、 meeting.,我们已经学习了虚拟语气在 条件句中的应用，同学们都 掌握了么？现在就用表 格的形式复习一下吧！,Real conditionals (真实条件句),Unreal conditionals (虚拟条件句) I,Unreal conditionals (虚拟条件句) II,Unreal conditionals (虚拟条件句) III,1 真实条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。,句型： if条件从句 主句 一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形 If he comes, he will bring his ball.,The
8、volleyball match will be put off if it _. A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained,答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。,Review,复习虚拟语气在非真实 条件句中的用法。,Finish the following sentences according to real situation.,1. If a man marries a woman, (they will have a child.) 2. We wouldnt have lost the football game yest
9、erday if (pretty girls had come to cheer us.) 3. If Jay Zhou were to perform in our school tomorrow, (the girls would be wild with joy.),they have,a child,pretty girls come to,the girls are wild,cheer,with joy,4. We could play video games all day if(we had nothing else to do.) 5. If there were no ex
10、aminations, (we would be very happy.) 6. If I were president of Tiantai Middle School, (I would do everything possible to make the school the best.),we have nothing else to do,I do everything possible to,we are happy,to make our shcool the best,过去式 (were),had done,would/could/should/might +V. (原),wo
11、uld/could/should/might +have done,1.过去式 2. should+ V.(原) 3. were to do,would/could/should/might +V. (原),虚拟语气,1. If 型,Translation,1. 要是我是你，我是不会放弃的。 If I were you, I wouldnt give it up. 2.如果我当初听了他的建议，就不会犯这样的错If i had taken his advice, i should/would not made such a mistake. 3. 如果明天下雪，我们就可以打雪仗。If it sh
12、ould snow tomorrow, we could have a snowball fight.,与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,与将来事实相反,1.我要是你，我就把烟戒了。If i were you, i would give up smoking. 2.如果我们赶上了第一班车，我们现在有可能已经到达了。 If we had caught the first bus, we might have arrived now. 3.如果有一天我成为国家主席，我家人会以为为自豪的。 If i should/were to be the president of our country, my
13、family would proud of me.,Answers,1. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。2. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。3. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。,If I knew her number, I could ring her up.,If Id left sooner, Id have been on time.,If I asked him, Im sure hed help us.,4. 如果我有时间，我会来帮助你的。5. 如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。6. 如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。,If I had time, I coul
14、d come to help you.,If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.,If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping.,1. If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick. 2. If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake. 4. I
15、f he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.,与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,5. If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing. 6. I think we could do it, if we planned it properly and could borrow the tools. 7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.,与将来事实相反,二：虚拟在特殊句型中的用法 关键词：wish,as if/though,if only,would rather与事实时态的相反,wish/if onlyas if/though,现在： 过去： 未来：,过去时 (did/were),had done,would/could/might+V.,He looks as if he were drunk. She loves the baby as if it were her own son. If only I hadnt missed the train! If only I could see him again!,
