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1、化工专业英语一、二章预测题一（化工一 班）一词汇拼写与翻译 汉译英：1.化学工程与工艺 2.有机化学 3.周期表 4.价电子层 5.碱金属 6.分 子间作用力 7.氢键 8.分子式 9.分子量 10.共价键英译汉：1. Carbon tetrafluoride 2. molecular dipoles 3. inductive effect 4. Electronegativity， 5.functional group， 6.configuration， 7.substituent，8.valence-shell electron-pair repulsion theory 9 .boili
2、ng point 10. kinetic energy二化合物命名1.(CH3)2CHCH2CH2Br （1-bromo-3-methylbutane） 2. C2H5Cl（chloroethane） 3.（）4. （ ）5. C2H5OH （Ethyl Alcohol）三翻译 英译汉：1. Thus, in order to break the intermolecular attractions that hold the molecules of a compound in the condensed liquid state, it is necessary to increase t
3、heir kinetic energy by raising the sample temperature to the characteristic boiling point of the compound.2. Most organic compounds have melting points below 200 C. Some CH3CH3 1-ethyl-2-methylcyclohexaneCH3CH3CH3CH32-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-3-propylcyclohexanedecompose before melting, a few sublime（from
4、 solid to gas directly),but a majority undergo repeated melting and crystallization without any change in molecular structure. 3. When two different atoms are bonded covalently, the shared electrons are attracted to the more electronegative atom of the bond, resulting in a shift of electron density
5、toward the more electronegative atom. Such a covalent bond is polar, and will have a dipole.4. Functional groups are atoms or small groups of atoms (two to four) that exhibit a characteristic reactivity when treated with certain reagents.5. Different atoms have different affinities for nearby electr
6、ons. The ability of an element to attract or hold onto electrons is called electronegativity.6. All atoms and molecules have a weak attraction for one another, known as van der Waals attraction.7. The exceptionally strong dipole-dipole attractions that cause this behavior are called the hydrogen bon
7、d.8. The molecule providing a polar hydrogen for a hydrogen bond is called a donor.9. The highest occupied electron shell is called the valence shell, and the electrons occupying this shell are called valence electrons.10.The number of electrons an atom gain or lose to achieve a valence octet is cal
8、led valence.汉译英：1.最高占据能级电子层被称之为价（电子）层，价层上所占据电子被称之最高占据能级电子层被称之为价（电子）层，价层上所占据电子被称之为价电子。为价电子。 2.一个相关的原则一个相关的原则,是值得注意到一点是值得注意到一点.虽然氢键很弱虽然氢键很弱(大约大约 4-5 个千卡每摩个千卡每摩尔尔),当几个这种键共同存在于产物结构中时会变得很强当几个这种键共同存在于产物结构中时会变得很强.在木材和其他相在木材和其他相关材料中纤维素纤维中的氢键表现的很强关材料中纤维素纤维中的氢键表现的很强. 3.同样，伯胺和仲胺既是供体又是受体，但叔胺只是受体。同样，伯胺和仲胺既是供体又是受
9、体，但叔胺只是受体。 4.水是最普遍的溶剂，在地球上分布广泛并且在生活中扮演者最基本的角水是最普遍的溶剂，在地球上分布广泛并且在生活中扮演者最基本的角色，使得它成为讨论水溶性的基准。色，使得它成为讨论水溶性的基准。 5.在这些结构中没有双键、三键和环的存在。在这些结构中没有双键、三键和环的存在。四单项选择1.The ability of an element to attract or hold onto electrons is called ( )A.ElectronegativityElectronegativity B.B. functionalfunctional groupgrou
10、pC.C. configurationconfiguration D.D. substituentsubstituent2.2. （ ）are atoms or small groups of atoms (two to four) that exhibit a characteristic reactivity when treated with certain reagents.A. ElectrostaticElectrostatic attractionattraction B.B. Functional groupsC. carboncarbon tetrafluoridetetra
11、fluoride D D covalentcovalent bonding.bonding.3.3. Different compounds having the same molecular formula are called( ).A. isomers B. constitutional isomersC. Multiple bonding D. covalent bonding4. The preferred charge distribution will have the positive charge on the less electronegative atom ( ) an
12、d the negative charge on the more electronegative atom ( ).A. C、N B.N、OCC、O D.N、H5. （ ） omit the symbols for carbon and hydrogen entirely。AShorthand formulas B. Hybrid OrbitalsC. formulaformula weightweight D.D. hydrogenhydrogen bondbond6. Indeed, many of the physical _of compounds that are used to
13、identify them are due to intermolecular interactions.A; characteristics B: disposition C: nature D: temperament7For general purposes it is useful to consider temperature to be a measure of the _of all the atoms and molecules in a given systemA: kinetic energy B Potential energy. C :Heat D:.Kinetic e
14、nergy8.If there were no_, all matter would exist in a gaseous state, and life as we know it would not be possible.A: van der Waals forces B: van der Waals interactionsC: Gravity D: gravitational9. The distance between molecules in a crystal lattice is small and regular, with intermolecular forces se
15、rving to constrain the motion of the molecules more _than in the liquid state. A: severely B：Serious C：critical D：critically10._, if the solid melts, or the liquid freezes, a discontinuity occurs and the temperature of the sample remains constant until the phase change is complete. A: However B:or C:once D:forever五Cloze1. When discussing structural formulas, it is often useful to distinguish different groups of carbon atoms by their structural characteristics. A carbon (1) is one that is bonded to no more than one other carbon atom. A carbon
