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1、1Chapter1 The two main islands of the British Isles are Great Britain_ and Ireland_. The longest river of Britain, the_Severn River_, originates in Mid- Wals_. Among the four parts of the UK, Northern Ireland_ is the smallest. The River Thames_, the second largest and the most important river in Bri
2、tain. _London_ is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom, _Edinburgh_ is the capital of Scotland, _Cardiff_ is the capital of Wales and _Belfast_ is the capital of Northern Ireland. According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of over _60_ million. Almost a quarter of the p
3、opulation of the UK lives in _England_s prosperous and fertile _southeast_. The majority of the UKs population are descendents of the _Anglo-Saxons_, a _Germanic_ people from _Europe_ who went to England between the 5th and 7th centuries. Most people in Wales, Scotland and Ireland are descendents of
4、 the _Celtic People_ who were the earlist known inhabitants of Britain. English belongs to the _Germanic _ group of Indo-European_ family of language. The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of _Latin and Greek_ words to English. English changed into what is described as
5、Modern English from the late _15th_ century. Samuel Johnsons dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of _spelling_. Standard English is based on the speech of the _upper_ class of _southeastern_ England. It is also called _Queen_s English or _BBC_ English. Standard English is codi
6、fied to the extent that the _grammar_ and _vocabulary_ of English are much the same everywhere in the world where English is used. At present, nearly _a quarter_ of the words population communicate in English.Chapter2 The British history before _ is basically undocumented. The Celts inhabited the is
7、land and_ became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC. The name of Britain came from a _Celtic teibe_-the Britons. The _Germanic barbarians_ attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410. By the late 7th century, _Roman Christianity_became the dominant rel
8、igion in England. _The Vikings_ began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.2 Westminster Abbey was built by _Edward the Confessor_ in 1052. The _Norman Conquest of England_ marked the establishment of feudalism in England. _The Magna Carta_ lay the foundation of the British Constitution to
9、day. _The House of Commons_ and _the House of Lords_ are the two components of the British Parliament. The Hundred Years War(1337-1453) was a series of wars between England and _France_ for trade and territory. The end of the Wars of the Roses(1445-1485) led to the rule of _. Under _, England became
10、 a national state with an efficient centralized government, and started changing from a medieval to modern country. The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King _s effort to declare his supreme power over the church. The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between _the Cavaliers_ and _Rou
11、ndheads_. _Bill of Rights_ was passed after the Glorious Revolution. Parliament succeeded in establishing a system known as constitutional monarchy in the _Glorious_Revolution. By the middle of _19th_ century, the Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain. By the beginning of the _20th_ cent
12、ury, Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance.Chapter3 The British Constitution is made up of three main parts: _Statutory Law_, _Common Law_, _Conventions_. As a parliamentary democracy, the British government is characterized by a division of powers among the _legislature_,
13、 the _executive_, and the _judiciary_. _Parliament_ is the law-making body of Britain. The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on public attitude_. The house of Lords consists of the _Loeds Spiritual_ and the _Lords Temporal_. The Prime Minister is the leader of the _maiorit
14、y_ party in Parliament. The _Cabinet_ is at the center of the British political system. It is the supreme decision-making body in the British government. In Britain, the parliamentary election is held every _five_ years. _Scotland_ has a distinct legal system based on Roman law. Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a _two-party_ system. The three political parties in Britain are _the Conservative 3Party_, _the Labor Party_ and _the Liberal Democrats_. The policies of the Conservative P
