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1、化学专业英语学与教,主讲人：许鹏飞,E-mail: ,学习化学专业英语的 目的与意义,?,与大家一块探讨化学 专业英语的教与学,The Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds: 1) Naming metal oxides, bases and salts: a) all monatomic anions have names ending with ide; two polyatomic anions which also have names ending with ide are the hydroxide ion OH-,and the cyanide
2、ion, CN- . b) Many polyatomic anions contain oxygen in addition to another element. The number of oxygen atoms in such oxyanions is denoted by the use of the sulffixes ite and ate, meaning fewer and more oxygen atoms.,The Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds:,In cases where it is necessary to denote
3、more then two oxyanions of the same element, the prefixes hypo and per, meaning still fewer and still more oxygen atoms, respectively, may be used. e.g. hypochlorite (ClO- ), chlorite (ClO2- ), chlorate (ClO3- ), perchlorate (ClO4- ); permanganate (MnO4- ).,The Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds:,2
4、) Naming nonmetal oxides: The prefixes used are mono-(mon-), di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepata-, octa-, nona- and deca-. Generally the letter a is omitted from the prefix (from tetra on) when naming a nonmetal oxide and often mono- is omitted from the name altogether. E.g. SO3 sulfur (VI) oxi
5、de or sulfur trioxide; N2O3 nitrogen (III) oxide or dinitrogen trioxideP2O5 phosphorus (V) oxide or diphosphorus pentoxide,The Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds:,3) Naming acids:-ate -ic acid-ite -ous acid-ide hydro-ic acid E.g.: acetate acetic acid; chlorite chlorous acid; cyanide hydrocyanic aci
6、d; permanganate permanganic acid.,化学专业英语与英文化学 论文写作,论文的框架结构: Instructions for Authors （内容，格式，参考文献的引法以及打印的方式） 对分析化学，无机化学，物理化学及配位化学的论文，最常见的格式为: Abstract-Introduction-Experimental- Results and Disscussion,1. 论文的框架结构,对有机化学，金属有机方面的论文常见的写法为Introduction-Results & Discussion-Experimental. 此外，一篇完整的论文还应有一个Grap
7、hical Abstract 、Abstract、Reference、Corresponding Author 和 Acknowledgement。 其他类型的文章还有：Review、Letter and Short Paper.,2. 时态与语态,正确使用时态和语态，能使句子充满情感，使文章大放异彩。 在化学论文中，最常用的时态有三种，既现在时、过去时和现在完成时； 主动态与被动态都可使用，很少使用虚拟语气。,AbstractThe development of a highly efficient and stereoselective methodology for the prepar
8、ation of R-amino acids is described. The chiral template, tricyclic iminolactone 7, was synthesized from (1R)-(+)-camphor in five steps in 50% overall yield. Alkylation of iminolactone 7 afforded the a-monosubstituted products in good yields (74-96%) and excellent diastereoselectivities (98%). Hydro
9、lysis of the alkylated iminolactones furnished the desired a-amino acids in good yields and enantioselectivities with nearly quantitative recovery of the chiral auxiliary 4.,IntroductionNonproteinogenic amino acids have received tremendous attention recently. They are widely used for biological, bio
10、chemical, and pharmaceutical studies. They have also been utilized as chiral starting materials in organic synthesis and for the preparation of chiral auxiliaries. Rapid progress in the development of active peptides requires the ready availability of a large number of structurally diverse D-amino a
11、cids. Consequently, an efficient and convenient general method for the preparation of optically pure enantiomers of a-substituted a-amino acids would be of general interest.,As part of our effort to develop synthetic procedures for the preparation of optically active R-amino acids, we have investiga
12、ted the utility of compounds derived from camphor, a versatile and inexpensive chiral starting material in asymmetric synthesis, as chiral auxiliaries.In developing an asymmetric glycine equivalent, we focused our attention on the camphor-based tricyclic iminolactone 7 for the following reasons: (1)
13、 A cyclic system will allow for a more rigid transition state than the corresponding acyclic one, which could enhance the steric effect of the auxiliary in controlling the stereochemistry of the reaction. (2) Unlike acyclic esters, lactones give rise to only the Z-enolates, which in turn will provid
14、e a single alkylated product if the electrophile approaches specifically from one of the enolate reaction faces.,(3) The C12-methyl group of camphor could block the top face of the alkylation step and thus result in good stereoselectivity. (4) Both the imine and the lactone functionalities can be hy
15、drolyzed easily to form the amino acids with the possibility of recovering the chiral auxiliary. (5) Camphor is inexpensive and readily available. Therefore, iminolactone 7 is expected to form a rigid transition state upon deprotonation and the electrophile is expected to come in from the less hinde
16、red bottom side of the lactone to produce the alkylated product in high diastereomeric purity. We now report a practical and highly stereoselective route to the synthesis of R-amino acids via this tricyclic iminolactone derivative of camphor.,3复合词的构成,随着科学技术的发展，新材料、新方法、新概念不断涌现，为了及时描述这些新事物，通常可用几个词连接起来
17、用。这些新出现的合成术语没有固定的构词法，很大程度取决于作者最初的命名。 如：Space nuclear auxiliary power（空间核辅助能源） Programmed temperature gas chromatography（程序升温气相色谱）。,4常用的词头与词尾,a 常用词头： anti- 反对，反抗；antiforthing agent （消泡剂）； auto- 自动，自身；autoimmune （自身免疫）； bi- di- 双，二及联；此外bi-还含有“酸式”之意；bifunctional extractant, biborate, diacyl（二酰基）； by- 副的，次要的； co- 共，一起；co-worker; co-exist. de- 去，出去；deprotonation, deionized water;,
