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1、ModuleModule 9 9 UnitUnit 4 4 GrammarGrammar 学案学案一、名词性从句1、包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句2、引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词： that, whether, if（不充当 从句的任何成分）连接代词：what ,whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which连接副词：when, where, how, whyIt is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.She did not know what had happened.The n
2、ews that Tom would go abroad is told by him.二、定语从句定语从句中的所有关系词不但有具体意义而且都在从句中担当一定的成分。关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that 等。关系副词：when, where, why 等。在定语从句中，关系副词=介词+which三、状语从句1、时间状语从句1）由 as, while 引导时，表示主句和从句的动作同时发生，或一个动作发生在另一个动作或过程中。2）由 after, when 引导时, 表示主句动作在从句后3）由 before, when 引导时，表示主句动作发生在从句动作前。4) 由
3、 whenever, every/each time 引导时， 表示主句动作以从句动作为条件而发生。5）由 as soon as 引导时， 表示主句动作发生在从句动作的一瞬间后。6）由 just/hardlywhen, no soonerthan 引导时， 表示主句动作发生在从句动作的一瞬间之前。 We can leave when you are ready. After she packed up her things, Mary went to book her ticket.2.原因状语从句由 because, as, since 或复合连词 now that, in that 等引导
4、3. 地点状语从句:由 where, wherever 引导。4.条件状语从句由 if, as (so) long as, unless 引导。5. 目的状语从句由 so that, in order that, in case 等引导。六、 结果状语从句由 so that, so that, such that 引导。七、让步状语从句由 though, even though, however, no matter how/what/who 等引导。八、比较状语从句由 than, the morethe more, asas 引导。九、方式状语从句由 in the same way, as
5、等引导。As the sun rose the fog dispersed.Whenever she had a cold, she ate only fruit.Now that we have decorated the house, we can move in.The thread breaks where it is weakest.Robbie didnt feel as she did.She ought to come down just in case anything happened.If necessary, ring me at home.3) Idioms ofte
6、n use a number of words to represent a single object, person or concept, among other things, and unless you recognize when an idiom is being used, you can easily misunderstand what you read or hear spoken.The sentence is a Complex-compound sentence. This happens when coordination(并列关系) and subordina
7、tion(从属关系) occur in the same sentence. In compound sentences, there are two or more clauses. They are usually linked by coordinators such as and, or and but. Each clause can stand on its own.e.g. People who follow this religion study Buddhist sutras and they follow the teachings of Buddha.2. Summary
8、 the simple sentencesubject + predicatethe compound sentencesubject + predicate +and/or/but+ subject + predicatethe complex sentencemain clause + subordinate clausethe complex- compound sentencethe simple sentence+ and/or/but+ the complex sentence3. Notes: The purpose of analyzing sentences This will help students better understand the meaning of a long and complicated sentence, thus, they will read articles faster and understand them better as well as learn to use complicated sentences to express their views . Use the knowledge to solve the problems correctly.
